U.    S.    DHPARTMFNT    OF   AGRICULTURE, 


BUREAU   OF   ANIMAL   INDUSTRY— Bull( 


1HH  SCORE  CARD 


STOCK    BREEDING. 


GEORGE  M.  ROMMEL,  B.  S.  A., 
Animal  Husbandman,  Jiun'au  of  Animal  Industry. 


University  of  California 

Southern  Regional 

Library  Facility 


. .  . . . ,  1 1  i  .\  » ;  T  <  >  N  : 
G  O  V  1C  U  X  M  K  NT     PR  I N  TI  Nt3     O  1-  1-  1  fc 
1905. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  BtRKU    OF  ANIMAL  1MH  STHY. 


f.'l,;,f:  D.  K.  SALMON.  I>.  V.  M. 
Axxi.-ilmil  i-hiif:   A.  P.  MKI.VIN,  I».  A'.  S. 
Chief  clerk:  K.  H.  JONES,  LL.  M..  .M.  I>. 

l)nir;i   [Urixlon:  Ki>.   JI.    WEHSTKK.  M.  S..  chief;  CLARENCE  P>.   LANE,  I>.  S..  assistant 
chief. 

(ion  liiri.tinn:  \.  M.  FARRIV.TON,  B.  S.,  I).  V.  M.,  chin. 
(Jiiariintiiit-  Dii'ixlnti:  RICHARD  W.  HICKMAN,  I'll.  <i..  V.  31.  P.,  chief. 
K<litnr:  <JEOR<;E  FAYKTTK  THOMPSON,  M.  S. 
Aft'ixt:  \\ .  S.   D.  II.\ INKS. 

J ilium!  lin.-<li<tiiiliiirtii:  <;EOI;(,E  M.  ROMMEL,  P>.  S.  A. 
Librarian:  BEATRICE  C.  OBERLY. 


LABORATORIES.  ' 


Ii'ui<-lirni><-  T>ii'l*i<>n:  MARION  DORSET,  M.  D.,  chief. 

I><r'i.<i,i,,:  JOHN   K.    MOHI.KR.    A.  M.,    V.   M.    I1.,  chief. 
I)ii-i*l<>ti:  BRAYTOX  II.  RANSOM,  I!.  Si-.,  A.  M..  acting  /oologist. 


EXI'ERIMENT    STATION. 

Superintendent,  K.  C.  SCIIROKIMCJ:.  M.  D.  V.:  expert  assistant,  \V.  K.  COTTOX. 


INSPECTOKS    IN    CHARGE. 


Dr.  F.  W.  Ainsworth,  Union  Stork   Yards.  Pitts- 

Imrg.  1'a. 
Dr.  M.  (».  AiuU'rMin.  care  iJi'ii.  A.  Horincl  **c  (.'<i., 

Austin,  Minn. 
Dr.    Don   C.   Aver,    Post-Office    BuiMiii.i:.    .south 

( unaha,  Nebr. 
Dr.  (i.  S.  Baker.  .Sixth  and  Townseml  st-..  Sail 

Krancisco.  Cal. 

Dr.  L.  R.  Baker,  South  St.  Joseph.  Mo. 
Dr.   A.   E.   Behnke,  room  Wl.  Federal  Bnildintr. 

MiUvHiikee.  \Vis. 

Dr.  .lolin  A.  Bell,  \\aterto\vn.  N.  Y. 
Dr.    S.    E.   Bennett,  room   W*.    Live    Stuck    Ex- 
change Building.  Kansas  city.  Kans. 
Dr.  Eli  L.  Bertram,  care  J.  S.  Gilmore,  Daven- 
port. Iowa. 
Dr.  Fred  Bra.einton.careContinental  FackinirCo.. 

Bloomington.  111. 
Dr.  .1.  .).  Brougham,  care  Missouri   Stock   Yards 

Co.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Dr.  (i.   \Y.  Butler,   care  Drummond  Br<j.s..   Eau 

Claire.  Wis. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Clancy.  National  stock  Yards,  111. 
Dr.  Lowell  Clarke,  room  320,  Qiiiney  Building. 

Di  'iiver.  Colo. 

Dr.  Charles Cowie,  Offdensburg,  N.  Y. 
Dr.  David  dimming,  912  La  peer  ave.,  Port  Huron, 

Mich. 
Dr.    Robert  Darling,   care  Chas.  S.   Hardy,  San 

Diego.  Cal. 

Dr.  E.  T.  Davison,  Rushville,  Ncbr. 
Dr. .(.  F.  Deadman.  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich. 
Mr.  Albert  Dean,  room  32S,  Stock  Yard  Station, 

Kansas  City,  Kans. 
Dr.  F.  L.  De  Wolf,  care  Chas.  Wolff  Packing  Co., 

Topeka,  Kans. 


Dr.  (.eo.  Ditewig,  care  Union  Stock  Yards.  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio. 

Dr.  E.  1'.  Dowd,  care  White.  Pevey  &  Dext> 
Worcester.  Mass. 

Dr.  O.  E.  Dyson.  SIR  Exchange  Building.  I'nion 
h  Yards.  Chicago.  111. 

Dr.  <Jeo.  C.  Faville,  P.  O.  box  79t'>.  Norfolk,  Ya. 

Dr.  J.  Wm.  Fink,  care  Swift  c*c  Co.,  Harrisi  n  sta.. 
Newark,  N.  .1. 

Dr.  T.  A.  (ieddes.  care   U.  S.  consulate.  London. 
England. 

Dr.    H.  H.  George,  507  Johnson  St.,  Louisville, 
Ky. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Gibbs,  care  Morton-Gregson  Co..  Ne- 
braska City,  Nebr. 

Dr.  L.  K.  Green,  care  Hammond,  Standisli 
Detroit.  Mich. 

Dr.  H.  A.  Hedrick,  21.'.  St.  Paul  st.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

Dr.  <).  B.  Hess,  (.nre  Frye-Bruhn  Co.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

Mr.  (i.  S.  Hickox,  P.  6.  box  1113,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah. 

Dr.  A.  A.  Holcombe,  Aurora.  111. 

Dr.  C.G.  Houck,  care  Swift  it  Co..  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

Dr.  W.  E.  Howe,  care  Western  Packing  Co.,  Den- 
ver, Colo. 

Dr.  Julius  Huelsen,  care  Jersey  City  Stock  Yards 
'.•rsey  City,  N.  J. 

Dr.  F.  W.  Hmuington,  U.  S.  customs  office.  G.  T. 
R.  R.  wharf,  Portland, Me. 

Dr.  Robert  Jay,  care  Jacob  E.   Decker  & 
Mason  City,  Iowa. 

Dr.  (J.   A.  Johnson,  Exchange    Building, 
City.  Iowa. 

Dr.  James  Johnston,   care   U.   S.  consul,  Liver- 
pool, England. 


[Concluded  on  page  3  of  cover.] 


U.    S.    DEPARTMENT    OF   AGRICULTURE. 

BUREAU   OF  ANIMAL   INDUSTRY— Bulletin   No.  76. 

D.   E.  SALMON,   0.  V.   M.,  Chief  of  Bureau. 


THE  SCORE  CARD 


IN 


STOCK    BREEDING 


BY 


GEORGE  M.  ROMMEL,  B.  S.  A., 

Animal  Husbandman,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 

1905. 


ETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY, 

Washington,  D.  C.,June  2, 1905. 

SIR:  I  respectfully  submit  herewith  the  manuscript  of  an  article 
entitled  "  The  Score  Card  in  Stock  Breeding,"  by  George  M.  Rommel, 
B.  S.  A.,  animal  husbandman  of  this  Bureau.  This  material  has 
been  compiled  from  the  publications  of  the  certified  breeders'  associa- 
tions in  this  country,  and  is  intended  to  be  a  supplement  to  Bulletin 
No.  01  of  this  Bureau,  on  the  Score  Card  in  Stock  Judging  at  Agri- 
cultural Colleges.  It  comprises  the  standards  of  these  organizations, 
so  far  as  they  are  used,  with  the  exception  of  those  for  dairy  cattle, 
which  have  already  been  published  by  the  Dairy  Division.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  these  score  cards  will  be  useful  to  breeders  throughout  the 
country,  and  I  recommend  their  publication  as  a  bulletin  of  the 
Bureau  series. 

Very  respectfully,  D.  E.  SALMON, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 
Hon.  JAMES  WILSON,  Secretary. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introduction. .  7 

Horses: 

American  saddle  horse  . .  9 

Shetland  pony  .  _  9 

Shire  . .  9 

Cattle — Beef  and  dual  purpose: 

Aberdeen  Angus. .  11 

Brown  Swiss  . .  _ 13 

Devon..  13 

Galloway..  ...         15 

Red  Polled  . .  16 

Sussex,.  16 

Hogs: 

Berkshire..  18 

Cheshire.. 20 

Chester  White..  21 

Ohio  Improved  Chester  .  24 

Duroc  Jersey  . .  ...         26 

Hampshire  (Thin  Rind) . .  29 

Poland  China.  31 

Tain  worth..  38 

Yorkshire,  large  . .  39 

Yorkshire,  small . .  40 

Sheep: 

Cheviot..  42 

Cotswold  . .  43 

Dorset  Horn 44 

Hampshire  Down  . .  45 

Lincoln..  r> 

Merino.  Delaine  .  >''• 

Merino,  Spanish  . .  47 

Oxford  Down...  49 

Rambouillet .  50 

Shropshire  . .  52 

Southdown  . .  53 

Suffolk  . .  54 

5 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


TEXT   FIGURES. 

Page. 

FIG.  1 .  Points  of  the  horse . 8 

2.  Points  of  beef  cattle — side  view ..... 10 

3.  Points  of  beef  cattle— front  and  rear  views _ . 10 

4.  Points  of  the  hog — three-quarters  front  view 17 

5.  Points  of  the  hog — side  view 17 

6.  Points  of  the  sheep— side  view 41 

7.  Points  of  the  sheep — front  and  rear  views •.• 41 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IX  STOCK  BREEDING. 


Compiled  by  GEORGE  M.  HOMMKI.,  B..S.  A., 
Animal  Ilnxtiantlnian,  Hurrau  of  Annual 


INTRODUCTION. 

This  bulletin  is  a  compilation  of  the  score  cards  used  by  breeders' 
associations  in  the  United  States  certified  by  the  Secretary  of  Agri- 
culture. It  is  intended  to  be  a  supplement  to  Bulletin  No.  Gl  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  entitled  "  The  Score  Card  in  Stock 
Judging  at  Agricultural  Colleges." 

Many  of  these  score  cards  were  originally  adopted  for  actual  use 
ill  the  show  ring,  but  for  this  purpose  they  have  become  obsolete.  No 
competent  judge  would  now  think  of  using  them  to  determine  the 
relative  merits  of  two  or  more  animals.  However,  a  breeder  will 
<ret  much  better  results  if  he  has  a  standard  toward  which  to  work; 
indeed  it  is  hardly  possible  to  see  how  a  breeder  can  succeed  unless 
he  has  such  a  standard.  The  value  of  the  official  breed  score  card 
at  present  is  that  it  provides  a  uniform  standard,  and  if  it  really 
represents  the  ideals  of  the  majority  of  breeders  uniform  results  can 
be  obtained  much  more  readily  than  without  it.  It  gives  a  platform 
on  which  all  can  stand.  No  one  can  doubt  the  effectiveness  of  the 
score  cards  of  the  National  Association  of  Kxpert  Judges  on  Swine 
in  developing  the  modern  type  of  hog  in  America,  and  the  two-min- 
ute trotter  has  been  developed  because  breeders  adopted  a  certain 
standard  and  worked  unceasingly  to  reach  it.  Angus  and  Galloway 
breeders  are  also  showing  the  good  results  of  this  system.  A  written 
standard  of  excellence,  however,  is  not  always  necessary  to  insure 
uniformity  of  results.  The  American  Hereford  type  has  IKMMI  devel- 
oped without  such  an  aid  lx>cause  the  most  desirable  type  was  cleat'ly 
understood  by  breeders.  On  the  other  hand,  the  absence  of  a  stand- 
ard may  be  readily  observed  in  the  great  variation  in  type  in  a  breed 
seen  in  a  single  show. 

The  reader's  attention  is  particularly  called  to  the  text  of  these 
standards;  the  numerical  values  of  the  different  points  are  of  only 
relative  importance. 

The  Bureau  is  under  obligations  to  the  officials  who  supplied  the 
information  for  this  publication. 


BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 


HORSES. 


2.3 


FIG.  1.— Points  of  the  horse. 


1.  Muzzle. 

2.  Nostril. 

3.  Lips. 

4.  Nose. 

5.  Face. 

6.  Forehead. 

7.  Eye. 

8.  Ears. 

9.  Angle  of  lower  jaw. 
10.  Throatlatch,throat, 

or  throttle. 


11.  Windpipe. 

12.  Crest. 

13.  Withers. 

14.  Shoulder. 

15.  Point  of  shoulder. 

16.  Arm. 

17.  Elbow     c 

joint. 

18.  Forearm. 

19.  Knee. 

20.  Cannons. 


21.  Fetlocks. 

22.  Pasterns. 

23.  Feet. 

24.  Breast. 

25.  Girth. 

26.  Barrel,  or  ribs, 
elbow    27.  Fore  flank. 

28.  Back. 

29.  Loin. 

30.  Hind  flank. 

31.  Under  line. 


32.  Hip. 

33.  Croup,  or  rump. 

34.  Tail. 

35.  Buttock. 

36.  Quarter. 

37.  Thigh. 

38.  Stifle  joint. 

39.  Gaskin,  lower  thigh 

stifle,  or  leg. 

40.  Hock. 


AMERICAN    SADDLE    HORSE. 

I.  B.  Nail,  secretary  American  Saddle  Horse  Breeders'  Associa- 
tion, Louisville,  Ky.,  states: 

We  have  no  score  card  for  animals.  In  the  early  organization  of  our  asso- 
ciation we  accepted  saddle  horses  and  admitted  to  register  where  they  showed 
five  distinct  gaits,  viz,  walk,  trot,  canter,  and  running  walk,  fox  trot,  or  slow 
pace.  Of  course  the  show  ring  requires  speed  at  these  gaits  and  also  style 
and  finish.  Our  rules  now  admit  to  registry  stallions  and  luares  only  which 
show  the  registered  strains  of  blood;  geldings  showing  it  on  one  side  only 
will  be  admitted.  In  show  rings  these  gaits  are  required  to  be  shown,  though 
many  five-gaited  horses  are  trained  to  walk,  trot,  and  canter  only,  and  are 
showii  in  the  three-gaited  classes. 

SHETLAND   PONY. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Shetland  Pony  Club. 

[Vol.  V,  American  Shetland  1'ony  Club  Studbook.] 

Points. 

CONSTITUTION. — Constitution  indicated  by  general  healthy  appearance,  i>er- 
fect  respiration,  brightness  of  eyes 10 

SIZE. — Ponies  over  four  years  old,  42  inches  and  under  in  height,  two  [mints 
to  be  deducted  for  every  inch  over  42  inches  up  to  40  inches,  fractional 
portions  to  count  as  full  inches 25 

HEAD. — Head  symmetrical,  rather  than  small  and  tine,  wide  between  eyes, 
ears  short  and  erect 1O 

BODY. — Barrel  well  rounded,  back  short  and  level,  deep  chested,  good  breast, 
compact,  "pony  built" 10 

LEGS. — Legs  muscular,  flat  boned,  hind  legs  not  cow  hocked  or  too  crooked--     25 

MANE  AND  TAIL. — Foretop,  mane,  and  tail  heavy__  10 

FEET. — Good  -  10 


Total  -  KM) 

SHIRE. 

Charles   Burgess,   secretary   American   Shire   Horse    Association, 
Wenona,  111.,  says: 

Our  association  has  never  adopted  an  official  score  card  for  Shire  horses. 
Size,  quality,  and  choice  breeding  are  what  we  advocate. 

31056— No.  70—05  M 2 


10 


BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 


CATTLE— BEEF  AND  DUAL  PURPOSE. 


1.  Muzzle. 

2.  Mouth. 

3.  Nostril. 

7.  Eye. 

8.  Ear. 

9.  Poll. 

10.  Horn. 

11.  Neck. 

12.  Throat. 


FIG.  2.— Points  of  beef  cattle,  side  view. 

13.  Dewlap.  23.  Crops. 

14.  Topof  neck,  or  crest.  25.  Ribs,  or  barrel. 

16.  Top  of  shoulder. 

17.  Shoulder. 

18.  Point  of  shoulder. 

19.  Arm. 

20.  Shank. 

21.  Brisket. 

22.  Topline. 


26.  Fore  flank. 

27.  Back,  or  chine 

28.  Loin. 

29.  Hind  flank. 

30.  Underline,    or    bot-  38.  Hock. 

torn  line.  40.  Navel. 


31.  Hip.    point    of     hip, 

hook,  or  hook  bone. 

32.  Rump. 

33.  Tailhead. 

35.  Buttocks. 

36.  Thigh. 


FIG.  3.— Points  of  beef  cattle,  front  and  rear  views. 


4.  Lips. 

5.  Face. 

6.  Forehead. 


15.  Neck  vein,  or  shoul-  21.  Brisket. 

der  vein.  24.  Girth. 

18.  Point  of  shoulder.       34.  Pin  bones. 


35.  Buttocks. 
37.  Twist. 
39.  Purse. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  11 

ABERDEEN    ANGUS. 
Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Aberdeen  Angus  Breeder*'  Association. 

FOB  BULL. 

Points. 

COLOR. — Black.  White  is  objectionable,  except  on  the  underline  behind 
the  navel,  and  there  only  to  a  moderate  extent ;  a  white  cod  is  most 
undesirable 3 

HEAD. — Forehead  broad ;  face  slightly  prominent  and  tarring  toward  the 
nose;  muzzle  fine;  nostrils  wide  and  open;  distance  from  eyes  to  nos- 
trils of  moderate  length;  eyes  mild,  full,  and  expressive,  indicative  of 
good  disposition ;  ears  of  good  medium  size,  well  set  and  well  covered 
with  hair;  poll  well  defined,  and  without  any  ap[>earance  of  horns  or 
scurs ;  jaws  clean 10 

THROAT. — Clean,  without  any  development  of  loose  flesh  underneath..  3 

NECK. — Of  medium  length,  muscular,  with  moderate  crest  (which  in- 
creases with  age),  spreading  out  to  meet  the  shoulders,  with  full  neck 
vein  3 

SHOULDERS. — Moderately  oblique,  well  covered  on  the  blades  and  top; 
with  vertebra  or  backbone  slightly  above  the  scapula  or  shoulder  blades, 
which  should  be  moderately  broad (5 

CHEST. — Wide  and  deep  :  also  round  and  full  just  back  of  elbows 10 

BRISKET. — Deep  and  moderately  projecting  from  between  the  legs  and  pro- 
portionately covered  with  flesh  and  fat 4 

RIBS. — Well  sprung  from  the  backbone,  arched  and  deep,  neatly  joined  to 

the  crops  and  loins 8 

BACK. — Broad  and  straight  from  crops  to  hooks ;  loins  strong ;  hook 
bones  moderate  in  width,  not  prominent,  and  well  covered ;  rumps 
long,  full,  level,  and  rounded  neatly  into  hindquarters 10 

HIND  QUARTERS. — Deep  and  full,  thighs  thick  and  muscular,  and  in  pro- 
portion to  hind  quarters ;  twist  filled  out  well  in  its  "  seam  "  so  as  to 
form  an  even  wide  plain  between  thighs 8 

TAIL. — Fine,  coming  neatly  out  of  the  body  on  a  line  with  the  back  and 

hanging  at  right  angles  to  it 3 

UNDERLINE. — Straight  as  nearly  as  possible;  Hank  deep  and  full 4 

LEGS. — Short,  straight,  and  squarely  placed ;  hind  legs  slightly   inclined 

forward  below  the  hocks;  forearm  muscular;  bones  fine  and  clean 4 

FLESH. — Even  and  without  patchiness 4 

SKIN. — Of  moderate  thickness  and  mellow  touch,  abundantly  covered  with 
thick  soft  hair.  (Much  of  the  thriftiness,  feeding  proj>erties.  and 
value  of  the  animal  depend  ujKm  this  quality,  which  is  of  great  weight 
in  the  grazier's  and  butcher's  judgment.  A  good  "  touch  "  will  com-  / 
pensate  for  some  deficiencies  of  form.  Nothing  can  compensate  for  a 
skin  hard  and  stiff.  In  raising  the  skin  from  the  body  it  should  have 
a  substantial,  soft,  flexible  feeling,  and  when  beneath  the  outspread 
hand  it  should  move  easily,  as  though  resting  on  a  soft  cellular  sub- 
stance, which,  however,  becomes  firmer  as  the  animal  ripens.  A  thin, 
papery  skin  is  objectionable,  especially  in  a  cold  climate) 10 

GENERAL    APPEARANCE. — Elegant,    well    bred,    and    masculine.     The    walk 

square,  the  step  quick,  and  the  head  up 10 


Total  _.  100 

When  bulls  are  exhibited  with  their  progeny  in  a  separate  class,  add  25 
for  progeny. 


12  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

FOB  COW. 

Points. 

COLOR. — Black.     White  is  objectionable,  except  on  underline  behind  the 

navel,  and  there  only  to  a  moderate  extent 2 

HEAD. — Forehead  moderately  broad  and  slightly  indented,  tapering  to- 
ward the  nose:  muzzle  fine;  nostrils  wide  and  open;  distance  from 
eyes  to  nostrils  of  moderate  length;  eyes  full,  bright  and  expressive, 
indicative  of  good  disposition  :  ears  large,  slightly  rising  upward,  and 
well  furnished  with  hair ;  poll  well  defined  and  without  any  appearance 
of  horns  or  scurs  :  jaws  clean 10 

THROAT.- — Clean,  without  any  development  of  loose  flesh  underneath 3 

NECK. — Of  medium  length,  spreading  out  to  meet  the  shoulders,  with  full 
neck  vein 3 

SHOULDERS. — Moderately  oblique,  wiell  covered  on  blades  and  top ;  with 
vertebra  or  backbone  slightly  above  the  scapula  or  shoulder  blades, 
which  should  be  moderately  broad G 

CHEST. — Wide  and  deep;  round  and  full  just  back  of  elbows 10 

BRISKET.— Deep  and  moderately  projecting  from  between  the  legs,  and 
proportionately  covered  with  flesh  and  fat 4 

RIBS. — Well  sprung  from  backbone,  arched  and  deep,  neatly  joined  to  the 
crops  and  loins 8 

BACK. — Broad  and  straight  from  crops  to  hooks  :  loins  strong  ;  hook  bones 
moderate  in  width,  not  prominent,  and  well  covered ;  rumps  long,  full, 
level,  and  rounded  neatly  into  hindquarters 10 

HINDQUARTERS. — Deep  and  full :  thighs  thick  and  muscular,  and  in  propor- 
tion with  hindquarters ;  twist  filled  out  well  in  its  "  seam  "  so  as  to 
form  an  even  wide  plain  between  thighs i 8 

TAIL. — Fine,  coming  neatly  out  of  the  body  on  a  line  with  the  back,  and 

hanging  at  right  angles  to  it 3 

UDDER. — Not  fleshy,  coming  well  forward  in  line  with  the  body  and  well 

up  behind;  teats  squarely  placed,  well  apart,  and  of  good  size 8 

UNDERLINE. — Straight,  as  nearly  as  possible:  flank  deep  and  full 4 

LEGS. — Short,  straight,  and  squarely  placed;  hind  legs  slightly  inclined 

forward  below  the  hocks;  forearm  muscular;  bones  fine  and  clean 3 

FLESH. — Even  and  without  patchiness—  3 

SKIN. — Of  moderate  thickness  and  mellow  touch,  abundantly  covered  with 
thick,  soft  hair.  (Much  of  the  thriftiness.  feeding  properties,  and  value 
of  the  animal  depend  upon  this  quality,  which  is  of  great  weight  in  the 
grazier's  and  butcher's  judgment.  A  good  "  touch  "  will  compensate  for 
some  deficiencies  of  form.  Nothing  can  compensate  for  a  skin  hard  and 
stiff.  In  raising  the  skin  from  the  body  it  should  have  a  substantial, 
soft,  flexible  feeling,  and  when  beneath  the  outspread  hand  it  should 
move  easily,  as  though  resting  on  a  soft,  cellular  substance,  which,  how- 
ever, becomes  firmer  as  the  animal  ripens.  A  thin,  papery  skin  is  objec- 
tionable, especially  in  a  cold  climate) 10 

GENERAL    APPEARANCE. — Elegant,    well    bred,    and    feminine.     The    walk 

square,  the  step  quick,  and  the  head  up 5 


Total 


In  judging  heifers,  omit  udder  and  add  3  points  to  flesh  and  5  points  to  gen- 
eral appearance. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  13 

liROWX    SWISS. 
Score  card  adopted  by  the  Jtroint  ,S'/pj##  Cattle  Breeder*'  Axxociation. 

I'ointK. 

HEAD. — Medium  size  and  rather  long U 

FACE. — Dished,  broad  between  the  eyes  and  narrow  between  the  horns '2 

EARS. — A  deep  orange  color  within__  1 
NOSE. — Black,  square,  and  with  the  mouth  surrounded  by  a  light,  meal- 
colored  band,  tongue  black 2 

EYES. — Full    and    placid- _  1 

HORNS.— Rather  short,  flattish,  and  regularly  set,  with  black  tips..  f» 

NECK. — Straight,  rather  long,  and  not  too  heavy  at  sbonlders__  4 

CHEST. — Broad   and   deep__  4 

BACK. — Level  to  the  setting  on  of  the  tail  and  broad  across  the  loin «» 

BARREL. — Hooped,  broad  and  deep  at  the  flank.  .  8 

HIPS. — Wide  apart,  rump  long  and  broad 4 

THIGHS. — Wide,  with  heavy  quarters..  4 

LEGS. — Short  and  straight,  with  good  hoofs..  4 

TAIL. — Slender,  pliable,  not  too  long,  with  good  switch..  1 

HIDE. — Thin    and    movable 3 

COLOR. — Shades  from  dark  brown  to  light  brown,  and  at  some  seasons  of 
the  year  gray;    slight  splashes  of  white  near  udder  not  objectionable; 

light  stripe  along  the  back__  <; 
HAIR. — Between  horns  light,  not  reddish;    hair  inside  of  ears  light.     (No 

points.) 
FORE  UDDER. — Full  in  form  and  carried  up,  reaching  far  forward  on  the 

abdomen    lo 

HIND  UDDER. — Not  too  deeply  hung,  full  in  form  and  well  up  behind..  In 

TEATS. — Rather  large,  set  well  apart,  and  hanging  straight  down .r> 

MILK    VEINS. — Prominent 4 

ESCUTCHEON. — High  and  broad  and  full  in  thighs 7 

DISPOSITION. — Quiet  and  good-natured =. —  4 


Total    100 

In  judging  bulls  and  heifers,  omit  fore  udder,  hind  udder,  and  teats;  color 
should  be  dark  brown. 

DEVON. 

Score  curd  adopted  by  the  American   Devon  Cattle  Club. 

/ 

BULL. 

Points 

HEAD. — Masculine,  full  and  broad,  tapering  toward  the  nose,  which  should 
be  flesh  colored ;  nostrils  high  and  o|»en,  mu///Je  broad,  eyes  full  and 
placid  and  surrounded  with  flesh-colored  ring;  ears  of  medium  size 
and  thickness;  horns  medium  size,  growing  at  right  angles  from  the 
head  or  slightly  elevated,  waxy  at  the  base,  tipped  with  a  darker  shade.  10 

CHEEK. — Full  and  broad  at  root  of  tongue;   throat  clean.. 

NECK. — Medium  length  and  muscular,  widening  from  the  head  to  the 
shoulders  and  strongly  set  on 

SHOULDERS. — Fine,  flat,  sloping,  and  well  fleshed  :  arms  strong,  with  firm 
joints  


14  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

Points. 

CHEST. — Deep,  broad,  and  somewhat  circular 10 

HIBS. — Well  sprung  from  the  backbone,  nicely  arched,  deep,  with  flanks 

fully  developed 10 

BACK. — Straight  and  level  from  the  withers  to  the  setting  on  of  the  tail ; 
loin  broad  and  full :  hips  and  rump  of  medium  width  and  on  a  level 

with  the  back 20 

HIND  QUARTERS. — Deep,  thick,  and  square 12 

TAIL. — Well  set  on  at  a  right  angle  with  the  back,  tapering,  with  a  switch 

of  white  or  roan  hair  and  reaching  the  hocks 2 

LEGS. — Short,  straight,  and  squarely  placed  when  viewed  from  behind, 

not  to  cross  or  sweep  in  walking;    hoof  well  formed 4 

SKIN. — Moderately  thick  and  mellow,  covered  with  an  abundant  coat  of 
rich  hair  of  a  red  color;  no  white  spot  admissible  unless  around  the 

purse 8 

SIZE. — Minimum  weight  at  3  years  old,  1,400  pounds 4 

GENERAL  APPEARANCE. — As  indicated  by  stylish  and  quick  movement,  form, 
constitution,  and  vigor,  and  the  under  line  as  nearly  as  possible  parallel 
with  the  line  of  the  back__  8 


Total   100 

cow. 

Points. 

HEAD. — Moderately  long,  with  a  broad,  indented  forehead,  tapering  consid- 
erably toward  the  nostrils;  the  nose  of  a  flesh  color,  nostrils  high  and 
open,  the  jaws  clean,  the  eye  bright,  lively,  and  prominent,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  flesh-colored  ring ;  throat  clean,  ears  thin,  the  expression 
gentle  and  intelligent;  horns  matching,  spreading  and  gracefully  turned 
up,  of  a  waxy  color,  tipped  with  a  darker  shade 8 

NECK. — Upper  line  short,  fine  at  head,  widening  and  deep  at  withers  and 
strongly  set  to  the  shoulders 4 

SHOULDERS. — Fine,  flat,  and  sloping,  with  strong  arms  and  firm  joints 4 

CHEST. — Deep,  broad,  and  somewhat  circular  in  character 8 

RIBS. — Well  sprung  from  the  backbone,  nicely  arched,  deep,  with  flanks 
fully  developed 8 

BACK. — Straight  and  level  from  the  withers  to  the  setting  on  of  the  tail ; 
loin  broad  and  full ;  hips  and  rump  of  medium  width  and  on  a  level 
with  the  back 16 

HIND  QUARTERS. — Deep,  thick,  and  square 8 

UDDER. — Not  fleshy,  coming  well  forward  in  line  with  the  belly  and  well 
up  behind  ;  teats  moderately  large,  and  squarely  placed 20 

TAIL. — Well  set  on  at  a  right  angle  with  the  back,  tapering,  with  a  switch 

of  white  or  roan  hair  and  reaching  the  hocks 2 

LEGS. — Straight,  squarely  placed  when  viewed  from  behind,  not  to  cross 

or  sweep  in  walking;   hoof  well  formed 4 

SKIN. — Moderately  thick  and  mellow,  covered  with  an  abundant  coat  of 
rich  hair  of  a  red  color;  no  white  spot  admissible,  except  the  udder 8 

SIZE. — Minimum  weight  at  3  years  old,  1,000  pounds 2 

GENERAL  APPEARANCE. — As  indicated  by  stylish  and  quick  movement,  form, 
constitution,  and  vigor,  and  the  under  line  as  nearly  as  possible  parallel 
with  the  line  of  the  back 8 

Total  _  100 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  15 

GALLOWAY. 

The  following  standard  of  excellence  was  prepared  by  Mr.  O.  H. 
Swigart,  Champaign,  111.,  a  prominent  breeder  and  president  of  the 
American  Galloway  Breeders'  Association.  It  is  the  standard  for  a 
typical  Galloway  as  drawn  up  by  the  council  of  the  Galloway  Cattle 
Society  of  Great  Britain  in  1883,  with  revisions  by  Mr.  Swigart. 
Those  parts  in  parentheses  are  amendments  made  by  Mr.  Swigart  to 
indicate  the  tendencies  of  modern  breeders  in  America: 

COLOR. — Black,  with  a  brownish  tinge.     (Entirely  black  not  objectionable. ) 

HEAD. — Short  and  wide,  with  broad  forehead  and  wide  nostrils,  without  the 
slightest  trace  of  horns  or  sours.  (Crown  wide  and  oval,  not  rising  to  a  |»oiut. ) 

EYE. — Large  and  prominent. 

EAR. — Moderate  in  length  (inclining  toward  shortness),  clean,  and  filling  well 
into  the  shoulder  (in  such  manner  as  to  make  neck  and  shoulder  of  fleshy  ani- 
mals appear  molded  as  one  piece).  The  top  of  the  neck  in  line  with  the  back 
in  a  female,  and  in  a  male  gradually  rising  with  age. 

BODY. — Deep,  rounded,  and  symmetrical.  (Well  spread  and  of  moderate 
length.) 

SHOULDERS. — Fine  and  straight,  moderately  wide  above.  Coarse  shoulder 
points  and  sharp  or  high  shoulders  are  objectionable.  (Substitute  the  word 
"smooth"  for  "fine,"  as  small,  undeveloped  shoulders  are  objectionable.) 

RIBS. — Deep  and  well  sprung,  loin  and  sirloin  well  filled.  (Crops  well  filled, 
carrying  width  of  body  at  ribs  and  shoulders  through  on  about  same  line.) 

HOOK  BONES. — Not  prominent.     (In  fleshy  animals  not  visible.) 

HIND  QUARTERS. — Long,  moderately  wide,  and  well  filled.  (Cut  out  the  word 
'  moderately.") 

THIGHS. — Broad,  straight,  and  well  let  down  at  hock.  Rounded  buttocks  are 
very  objectionable. 

LEGS. — Short  and  clean,  with  fine  bone. 

TAIL. — Well  set  on  and  moderately  thick.  (Cut  out  the  words  "  moderately 
thick"  and  substitute  the  words  "carrying  a  good  bush.") 

SKIN.— Mellow  and  moderately  thick.  (Substitute  the  word  "thin"  for 
"thick.") 

HAIR. — Soft  and  wavy,  with  mossy  undercoat.  (Harsh),  wiry,  or  curly  hair 
is  very  objectionable.  (Cut  out  the  words  "or  curly  "  and  substitute  "  harsh." 
Curly  hair,  if  soft,  is  not  objectionable.) 


16  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

POINTS    TO   BE   AVOIDED. 

Mr.  James  Biggar,  "  The  Grange,"  Dalbeattie,  Scotland,  judge  of  fat  classes 

at  a  recent  International    (1902),  at  Chicago,  prepared  the  following  list  of 

"  Points  to  be  avoided  "  for  McCrae's  History  of  Galloways  twenty  years  ago. 

With  very  slight  revision,  they  are  as  pertinent  to-day  as  the  day  they  were 

written. 

Long,  narrow  head,  with  light  crown. 

Narrow  tapering  muzzle. 

Long,  drooping  ears. 

Small,  deep-set  eyes. 

Small,  light  neck. 

Light,  scraggy  breast. 

High,  narrow  shoulders. 

Flatness  behind  shoulders. 

Light  fore  or  back  ribs. 

Square,  prominent  hook  bones. 

High  or  drooping  rumps. 

Weak  or  slack  loins. 

Rounded  buttocks. 

Fleshy,  double  thighs. 

Big,  coarse  bones. 

Thick,  stiff  skin. 

Hard,  wiry  hair,  without  soft  undercoat. 

RED    POLLED. 

The  essential  features  of  Red  Polled  cattle  are  given  as  follows  by 
the  authorities  of  the  Red  Polled  Herd  Book : 

COLOR. — Red.  The  switch  of  the  tail  should  be  mixed  with  white.  A  portion 
of  the  udder  may  be  white,  and  also  a  little  white  on  the  belly  along  the  milk 
veins.  Any  additional  white  markings  shall  disqualify. 

POLLED. — There  must  be  no  horns,  slugs,  or  abortive'  horns.  Should  any  ani- 
mal which  has  been  admitted  to  registry  afterwards  develop  horns  or  scurs,  the 
registration  of  such  animal  shall  be  canceled  and  its  progeny  debarred  from 
registration. 

SUSSEX. 

Overton  Lea,  secretary  American  Sussex  Association,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  says: 

Neither  the  American  Sussex  Association  nor  the  English  Sussex  Herd  Book 
Society  use  a  score  card. 

The  general  rule  is,  other  things  being  equal,  the  greater  excellence  lies  in 
the  same  weight  in  the  smaller  animal.  The  Sussex  has  been  noted  from  the 
earliest  days  for  great  weight  in  a  small  compass,  and  the  object  of  intelligent 
breeders  is  to  preserve  this  distinctive  feature,  while  encouraging  early  ma- 
turity and  improving  quality.  All  well-bred  and  well-fattened  Sussex  cattle 
carry  heavy  flesh  on  the  back,  thickness  up  and  down  rather  than  across  the 
back,  which  gives  them  great  weight  for  size  and  makes  them  a  popular  beast 
with  the  butcher. 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING. 
HOGS. 


17 


PIG.  4.— Points  of  the  hog,  three-quarters  front  view. 


2.  Face. 

3.  Eye. 

4.  Ears. 

5.  Jowl. 

7.  Shoulder   vein, 

neck  vein. 

8.  Shoulder. 


9.  Arm. 
11.  Leg. 

14.  Topline. 

15.  Crops, 
or  16.  Back. 

17.  Loin. 

18.  Side. 


19.  Ribs.  25.  Rump. 

20.  Belly.  28.  Tail. 

21.  Fore  flank.  2S.  Thigh. 

22.  Underline,  or   hot-  29.  Buttock. 

tomline.  31.  Hock. 

23.  Hind  flank. 

24.  Hip. 


FIG.  5.— Points  of  the  hog,  side  view. 


1.  Snout. 

5.  Jowl. 

6.  Neck. 

8.  Shoulder. 

9.  Arm. 

10.  Breast,  or  brisket. 


12.  Pastern. 

13.  Feet. 
15.  Crops. 
Iti.  Back. 

17.  Loin. 

18.  Side. 


19.  Ribs. 

20.  Belly. 

21.  Fore  flank. 

23.  Hind  flank. 

24.  Hip. 

25.  Rump. 


27.  Ham,  or  gammon. 
St.  Buttocks. 
80.  Twist,  or  crotch. 
31.  Hock. 


3105G — No.  7»> — 05  M- 


18  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

BERKSHIRE. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Berkshire  Association. 

Points. 
COLOR. — Black,  but  skin  and  hair  occasionally  showing  tinge  of  bronze  or 

copper  color,  with  white  on  feet,  face,  tip  of  tail,  and  occasional  splash 

on   arm 4 

FACE  AND  SNOUT. — The  latter  short,  broad,  and  meaty,  the  former  fine, 

well  dished,  and  broad  between  the  eyes 9 

EYE. — Very  clear,  rather  large,  dark  hazel  or  gray 2 

EAR. — Sometimes  almost  erect,  but  generally   inclined  forward,  medium 

size 4 

JOWL. — -Full  and  heavy,  running  back  well  on  neck 4 

NECK. — Short  and  broad  on  top 4 

HAIR. — Fine  and  soft,  inclined  to  thickness  in  male 3 

SKIN. — Smooth  and  pliable 4 

SHOULDER. — Smooth  and  even  on  top  and  in  line  with  side,  thick  through 

chest    7 

BACK. — Broad,  long,  and  straight,  or  slightly  arched,  ribs  well  sprung 10 

SIDE. — Deep  and  well  let  down,  straight  side  and  bottom  line , 6 

FLANK. — Well  back  and  low  down  on  leg,  making  nearly  a  straight  line 

with  lower  part  of  side 5 

LOIN. — Full  and  wide 8 

HAM. — Deep  and  thick,  extending  well  up  on  back  and  holding  thickness 

well  down  to  hock 10 

TAIL. — Well  up  on  line  with  back,  not  too  fine,  short,  or  tapering 2 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Short,  straight,  and  strong,  set  wide  apart,  with  hoofs 

nearly  erect  and  capable  of  holding  good  weight 8 

SIZE  AND  SYMMETRY. — Size  all  that  is  possible  without  loss  of  quality  or 

symmetry,  with  good  length 7 

STYLE. — Attractive,  spirited,  indicative  of  thorough  breeding  and  consti- 
tutional vigor 3 


Total 100 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  National  Association  of  Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 

DETAILED   DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD  AND  FACE. — Head  short,  broad,  coming  well  forward  at  poll ;  face  short 
and  fine  and  well  dished,  broad  between  the  eyes,  tapering  from  eyes  to  point 
of  nose,  surface  even  and  regular. 

Objections. — Head  long,  narrow,  and  coarse ;  forehead  low  and  narrow ; 
jaws  narrow  or  contracted;  lower  jaw  extending  beyond  upper;  face  long, 
straight  between  eyes ;  nose  coarse,  thick,  or  crooked,  or  ridgy. 

EYES. — Very  clear,  rather  large,  dark,  hazel,  or  gray. 

Objections. — Small,  dull,  bloodshot,  deep  set,  or  obscure ;  vision  impaired  by 
wrinkles,  fat,  or  other  cause. 

EARS. — Generally  almost  erect,  but  sometimes  inclined  forward  with  advanc- 
ing age ;  medium  size,  thin,  and  soft. 

Objections. — Large,  coarse,  thick,  round,  or  drooping ;  long  or  large  knuck  ;  dif- 
ference in  form,  size,  or  position  one  with  the  other ;  animal  unable  to  control 
their  position. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  19 

NECK. — Full,  deep,  short,  and  slightly  arched;  broad  on  top-;  well  connected 
with  shoulder. 

Objections. — Long,  flat,  lacking  in  fullness  and  depth. 

JOWL. — Full,  firm,  and  neat,  carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulder  and  brisket. 

Objections. — Light,  flabby,  thin,  tucked  up,  or  wrinkled. 

SHOULDER. — Broad,  deep,  and  full ;  not  extended  above  line  of  back  and  being 
as  wide  on  top  as  back,  carrying  size  down  to  line  of  belly  and  having  lateral 
width. 

Objections. — Lacking  in  depth  or  width;  thick  beyond  the  line  of  sides  and 
hams  or  extending  above  line  .of  back  ;  heavy  shields  on  hogs  under  18  months 
of  age. 

CHEST. — Large,  wide,  deep,  and  roomy,  full  girth;  breastlxnie  curving  well 
forward,  extending  back  on  level,  not  tucked  up ;  broad  between  fore  legs. 

Objections. — Flat,  narrow  at  top  or  bottom,  small  girth,  lacking  depth  or  full- 
ness; breastbone  crooked  or  tucked  up. 

BACK. — Broad  and  straight,  carrying  same  width  from  shoulder  to  ham,  sur- 
face even  and  smooth,  without  creases  or  projections,  and  not  too  long. 

Objections. — Narrow,  swayed,  or  hollow,  dropping  l>elow  a  straight  line. 

SIDES  AND  BIBS. — Sides  full,  smooth,  firm,  and  deep,  carrying  size  down  to 
belly  and  evenly  from  ham  to  shoulder.  Ribs  long,  strong,  well  sprung  at  top 
and  bottom. 

Objections. — Flat,  thin,  flabby,  not  as  full  at  bottom  as  at  top.  Ribs  weak, 
not  well  sprung  at  top  or  bottom. 

BELLY  AND  FLANK. — Wide,  full,  and  straight  on  bottom  line. 

Objections. — Belly  narrow  and  sagging.     Flank  thin  and  tucked  up. 

HAM  AND  RUMP. — Hams  broad,  full,  and  long;  the  lower  front  part  of  ham 
should  be  full  and  stifle  well  covered  with  flesh,  coming  well  down  on  hock. 
Rump  should  have  a  rounding  slope  from  loin  to  root  of  tail,  same  width  as 
back  and  filling  out  on  each  side  and  above  the  tail. 

Objections. — Ham  narrow,  short,  thin,  not  projecting  l>eyond  and  coming 
down  on  hock ;  cut  up  too  high  in  crotch.  Rump  flat,  narrow,  and  too  steep. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Legs  short,  straight,  and  strong,  set  wide  apart,  with  hoofs 
erect  and  capable  of  holding  good  weight. 

Objections. — Legs  long,  slim,  coarse,  crooked ;  muscles  light ;  pastern  long, 
slim,  or  flat.  Feet  long  or  sprawling. 

TAIL. — Set  well  up,  fine,  tapering,  and  neatly  curled. 

Objections. — Coarse  and  straight,  too  low. 

COAT. — Fine,  straight,  smooth,  lying  close  to  and  covering  the  body  well,  not 
clipped,  evenly  distributed  over  body. 

Objections. — Hair  coarse,  harsh,  wavy,  or  curly,  not  evenly  distributed  over 
body,  swirls  or  clipped. 

COLOR. — Black  with  white  on  feet,  face,  tip  of  tail,  and  an  occasional  splash 
on  arm. 

Objections. — Solid  black  or  black  points,  or  white  spots  on  bod}*. 

SIZE. — Large  for  age.  Boar  2  years  and  over  not  less  than  450  i>ounds;  sow, 
same  age,  400  pounds.  Boar  18  months,  350  poiinds  ;  sow,  same  age,  325 
pounds.  Boar  12  months,  300  pounds;  sow,  same  age.  27">  i>ounds.  Boar  and 
sow,  6  months,  150  pounds.. 

Objections. — Underweight,  coarse,  not  in  good  form  to  fatten. 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Action,  vigorous.     Style,  graceful  and  attractive. 

Objections. — Dull,  sluggish,  and  clumsy. 


20  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

CONDITION. — Healthy;  skin  clear  of  scurf,  scales,  or  sores;  soft  and  mellow  to 
the  touch.  Flesh  tine,  evenly  laid  on,  and  free  from  lumps.  Hair  soft  and  lying 
close  to  body.  Good  feeding  qualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy ;  skin  scaly,  scabby,  or  harsh ;  flabbiness  or  lumpy 
flesh ;  too  much  fat  for  breeding.  Hair  harsh,  dry,  and  standing  up  from  body ; 
poor  feeders ;  deafness,  partial  or  total. 

DISPOSITION. — Quiet  and  gentle  and  easy  to  handle. 

Objections. — Cross,  restless,  vicious,  and  wild. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS.. 

FORM. — Very  large  and  heavy  or  drooping  ears ;  small,  cramped  chest ;  crease 
back  of  shoulders  and  over  the  back  so  as  to  cause  a  depression  in  back  easily 
noticed ;  deformed  or  crooked  legs ;  feet  broken  down,  so  that  the  animal  walks 
on  pastern  joints. 

SIZE. — Overgrown,  gangling,  narrow,  contracted,  or  not  two-thirds  large 
enough  for  age. 

CONDITION. — Barrenness,  deformed,  seriously  diseased,  total  blindness, from 
any  cause. 

SCORE. — Less  than  C>0  points. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 

CHESHIRE. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  Cheshire  Sicine  Breeders'  Association. 

[Vol.  Ill,  Cheshire  Herd  Book.] 

Points. 

HEAD. — Short  to  medium  in  length,  short  in  proportion  to  length  of  body__  8 

FACE. — Somewhat  dished  and  wide  between  eyes 8 

JOWL. — Medium  in  fullness 3 

EARS. — Small,  fine,  erect,  and  in  old  animals  slightly  pointed  forward 5 

NECK. — Short  and  broad 3 

SHOULDERS. — Broad,  full,  and  deep 0 

GIRTH  around  heart 8 

BACK. — Long,  broad,  and  straight  nearly  to  root  of  tail 10 

SIDE. — Deep  and  full,  nearly  straight  on  bottom  line__ 7 

FLANK. — Well  back  and  low  down,  making  flank  girth  nearly  equal  to 

heart  girth 3 

HAMS. — Broad  and  nearly  straight  with  back,  and  running  well  down  to- 
ward hock 10 

LEGS. — Small  and  slim,  set  well  apart,  supporting  body  well  on  tees 10 

TAIL. — Small,  slim,  and  tapering 3 

HAIR. — Fine,  medium  in  thickness  and  quantity 3 

COLOR. — White,  and  colored  hairs  to  disqualify 2 

SKIN. — Fine  and  pliable,  small  blue  spots  objectionable,  but  allowable 3 

SYMMETRY. — Animal  well  proportioned,  handsome,  and  stylish 8 


Total__  100 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING. 


21 


CHESTER    WHITE. 

Score  car«l  adopted  by  the  American  Chexter  White  Iteeord  Awwiation. 


broad. 


Points, 
slightly 


HEAD. — Small, 

dished ."> 

EYE. — Large  and  bright 2 

EAR. — Thin,  fine,  drooping 2 

JOWL. — Neat  and  full .'5 

NECK. — Short,  full,  well  arched 3 

BRISKET. — Full  and  deep '.} 

SHOULDER. — Broad  and  deep 0 

GIRTH  around  heart 10 

BACK. — Straight  and  broad 7 

SIDES. — Deep  and  full 0 

RIBS. — Well  sprung 7 

BELLY. — Wide  and  straight 4 


Points. 

GIRTH  around  flank 10 

HAM. — Broad,  full,  and  deep 10 

LIMBS. — Strong.       straight,       and 

neat 

TAIL. — Tai>ering.  and  not  coarse. . 

COAT. — Fine  and  thick 

COLOR. — White 

ACTION. — Prompt,  easy,  jmd  grace- 
ful   

SYMMETRY  _. 


Total.  _  _  100 


DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD. — Short ;  broad  between  the  eyes,  and  nicely  tarring  from  eyes  to  point 
of  nose ;  face  slightly  dished ;  cheeks  full. 

Objections. — Head  coarse,  long,  and  narrow  ;  face  straight  or  too  much  dished  ; 
snout  coarse  or  thick. 

EYE. — Large,  bright,  and  free  from  overgrowing  fat. 

Objections. — Small,  dim.  or  hidden  under  protruding  fat. 

EAR. — Drooping;  thin;  pointing  outward  and  forward;  well  proportioned  to 
size  of  body. 

Objections. — Too  large  and  coarse;  thick,  lopping;  lying  too  near  the  face; 
stiff,  erect,  or  too  small. 

JOWL. — Full,  firm,  and  neat ;   carrying  fullness  well  back  to  neck  and  brisket. 

Objections. — Flabby  ;   light ;   thin  in  cheek  ;   tucking  up  under  the  neck. 

NECK. — Full,  deep,  short,  and  well  arched. 

Objections. — Long:    flat;   lacking  in  fullness  or  depth. 

BRISKET. — Full;  strong;  well  let  down;  extending  well  forward  and  on  line 
of  the  belly. 

Objections. — Narrow  or  tucked  up. 

SHOULDER. — Broad;  deep;  thickness  in  proportion  to  the  side  and  ham;  full 
and  even  on  top. 

Objections. — Thick  beyond  the  line  of  side  and  ham ;  lacking  in  depth  or 
width;  blade  prominent,  or  extending  al>ove  the  line  of  the  back. 

GIRTH  AROUND  THE  HEART. — Full  back  of  shoulders;  ribs  extending  well 
down ;  wide  and  full  back  of  forelegs. 

Objections. — Measuring  less  than  flank  or  length  of  body  from  top  of  the  head 
to  root  of  the  tail. 

BACK. — Broad ;  straight,  or  slightly  arched,  carrying  width  well  back  to  tho 
hams,  and  of  medium  length. 

Objections. — Narrow:  sinking  back  of  shoulders:  narrow  across  the  loin; 
swayed  :  too  long :  sun-fish  shai>ed. 

SIDES. — Full;   deep;   carrying  width  and  thickness  well  down  and  back. 

Objections. — Too  round  or  flat ;  shallow  or  thin  at  the  flank. 


22  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

RIBS. — Well  sprung ;   carrying  fullness  well  back,  and  deep. 

Objections. — Too  flat ;  curve  of  rib  too  short ;  tucking  in  at  bottom  ;  sagging 
about  loin. 

LOIN. — Broad,  strong,  and  full. 

Objections. — Narrow  ;   poorly  ribbed  up  ;   weak. 

BELLY.— Wide  and  straight ;   width  approximating  that  of  the  back. 

Objections. — Sagging;   narrow;   skin  coarse,  harsh,  and  thick. 

GIRTH  AROUND  FLANK. — Flank  well  let  down  and  full ;  loin  broad,  strong,  and 
full ;  measure  of  flank  girth  equal  to  heart  girth. 

Objections. — Flank  thin,  tucked  in,  or  cut  up  too  high ;    loin  narrow  or  weak. 

HAM. — Broad,  full,  deep,  of  medium  length :   coining  down  well  over  the  hock. 

Objections. — Narrow,  short;   running  too  far  up  the  back  ;   steep  at- the  rump. 

LIMBS. — Medium  length;  short  rather  than  long;  set  well  apart,  and  well 
under ;  muscles  full  above  knee  and  hock  ;  bone  firm  and  not  coarse ;  pasterns 
short  and  strong ;  foot  short. 

Objections. — Long,  slim,  coarse,  crooked ;  muscles  light ;  pasterns  long,  slim, 
or  flat ;  hoofs  long  or  sprawling. 

TAIL. — Small,  tapering,  smooth ;   well  set  on. 

Objections. — Coarse ;   large ;   too  prominent  at  the  root. 

COAT. — Fine  and  thick. 

Objections. — Coarse  ;   hair  too  long  ;   wiry  ;    harsh. 

COLOR. — White.  (Blue  spots  in  skin,  and  black  specks,  shall  not  argue  im- 
purity of  blood.) 

ACTION. — Easy  ;   prompt ;   fine  and  graceful. 

Objections. — Dull,  sluggish,  clumsy. 

SYMMETRY. — Uniform  build,  and  all  points  in  animal  in  proportion. 

Objections. — Wanting  in  some  points  and  too  much  developed  in  others. 

SERIOUS    OBJECTIONS. 

FORM. — Small  growth  ;  upright  ears  ;  small,  cramped  chest ;  crease  back  of 
the  shoulders,  so  as  to  be  readily  seen ;  deformed  and  badly  crooked  legs ;  feet 
broken  down  so  that  the  animal  walks  on  pastern  joints  and  dewclaws. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

CONDITION. — Excessive  fat ;  barren  ;  deformed  ;  unsound  or  diseased ;  ridg- 
ling,  or  one-seeded,  s 

SCORE. — A  score  of  less  than  GO  points  of  the  standard. 
PEDIGREE. — Lack  of  eligibility  to  record. 

Score  card  adopted  bj/  the  National  Association  of  Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 

DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD  AND  FACE. — Head  short  and  wide;  cheeks  neat,  but  not  too  full;  jaws 
broad  and  strong ;  forehead  medium,  high  and  wide.  Face  short  and  smooth ; 
wide  between  the  eyes ;  nose  neat  and  tapering  and  slightly  dished. 

Objections. — Head  long,  narrow  and  coarse ;  forehead  low  and  narrow ;  jaws 
contracted  and  weak.  Face  long,  narrow,  and  straight ;  nose  coarse,  clumsy, 
or  dished  like  a  Berkshire. 

EYES. — Large,  bright,  clear,  and  free  from  wrinkles  of  surrounding  fat 

Objections.— Small,  deep,  or  obscure ;  vision  impaired  in  any  way. 

EARS. — Medium  size ;  not  too  thick ;  soft ;  attached  to  the  head  so  as  not  to 
look  clumsy,  pointing  forward  and  slightly  outward,  fully  under  the  control  of 
the  animal  and  drooping  so  as  to  give  a  graceful  appearance. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  23 

Objections. — Large,  upright,  coarse,  thick,  round,  too  small ;  drooping  too  close 
to  the  face,  animal  not  being  able  to  control  them. 

NECK. — Wide,  deep,  short,  and  nicely  arched. 

Objections. — Long,  narrow,  thin,  flat  on  top.  tucked  up.  not  extending  down 
to  the  breastbone. 

JOWL. — Full,  smooth,  neat,  and  firm,  carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulder  and 
brisket  when  the  head  is  carried  up  level. 

Objections. — Light,  too  large  and  flabby,  rough  and  deeply  wrinkled,  not 
carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulder  and  brisket. 

SHOULDER. — Broad,  deep,  and  full,  extending  in  a  straight  line  with  the  side 
and  carrying  size  down  to  line  of  belly. 

Objections. — Narrow  at  top  or  bottom,  not  full  nor  same  depth  as  body,  ex- 
tending above  line  of  back,  shields  on  boars  too  coarse  and  prominent. 

CHEST. — Large,  deep,  and  roomy,  so  as  not  to  cramp  vital  organs,  full  in  girth 
around  the  heart,  the  breast  lx>ne  extending  forward  so  as  to  show  slightly  in 
front  of  legs  and  let  down  so  as  to  be  even  with  line  of  belly,  showing  a  width 
of  not  less  than  7  inches  between  fore  legs  of  a  full-grown  hog. 

Objections. — Narrow,  pinched,  heart  girth  less  than  flank  girth,  too  far  let 
down  between  fore  legs,  breastbone  crooked  or  too  short. 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Back  broad  on  top.  straight  or  slightly  arched,  uniform 
width,  smooth,  free  from  lumps  or  rolls,  shorter  than  lower  belly  line,  same 
height  and  width  at  shoulders  as  at  ham :  loin  wide  and  full. 

Objections. — Back  narrow,  crease  back  of  shoulders,  sunfish  shajK1,  humped, 
swayed,  too  long  or  lumpy  rolls,  uneven  in  width,  loin  narrow,  depressed  or 
humped. 

SIDES  AND  RIBS. — Sides  full,  smooth,  deep,  carrying  size  down  to  belly,  even 
with  line  of  ham  and  shoulder;  ribs  long,  well  sprung  at  top  or  bottom,  giving 
hog  a  square  form. 

Objections. — Flat.  thin,  flabby,  compressed  at  l»ottom,  shrunken  at  shoulder 
and  ham,  uneven  surface ;  ribs  flat  and  too  short. 

BELLY  AND  FLANK. — Same  width  as  back,  full,  making  a  straight  line  and 
dropping  as  low  at  flank  as  at  bottom  of  chest,  line  of  lower  edge  running  par- 
allel with  sides;  flank  full  and  even  with  body. 

Objections. — Belly  narrow,  pinched,  sagging  or  flabby ;  flank  thin,  tucked  up, 
or  drawn  in. 

HAM  AND  RUMP. — Ham  broad,  full,  wide.  long,  and  deep,  admitting  of  no 
swells;  buttock  full,  neat,  and  clean,  thus  avoiding  flabbiness;  stifle  well  covered 
with  flesh,  nicely  tapering  toward  the  hock  :  rump  should  have  a  slightly  round- 
Ing  shape  from  loin  to  root  of  tail,  same  width  as  back,  making  an  even  line 
with  sides. 

Objections. — Ham  narrow,  short,  not  filled  out  to  stifle;  too  much  cut  up  in 
crotch  or  twist,  not  coming  down  to  hock  ;  buttock  flabby ;  rump  flat,  narrow,  too 
long,  too  steep,  sharp  or  j>eaked  at  root  of  tail. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Legs  short,  straight,  set  well  apart,  and  squarely  under  body  ; 
bone  of  good  size.  firm,  well  muscled,  wide  above  knee  and  hock,  below  knee  and 
hock  round  and  tapering,  enabling  the  animal  to  carry  its  weight  with  ease; 
pastern  short  and  nearly  upright ;  feet  short,  firm,  tough,  and  free  from  defects. 

Objections. — Legs  too  short,  long.  slim,  crooked,  too  coarse,  too  close  together ; 
weak  muscles  al>ove  hock  and  knee:  bone  large  and  coarse,  without  ta|>er;  pas- 
tern long,  crooked,  slim  like  a  deer's;  hoofs  long.  slim.  weak,  toes  spreading, 
crooked,  or  turned  up. 

TAIL. — Small,  smooth,  tapering,  well  set  on.  root  slightly  covered  with  flesh, 
carried  in  a  curl. 

Objections. — Coarse,  long,  clumsy,  set  too  high  or  too  low.  hanging  like  a  rojH\ 


24 


BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


COAT. — Fine,  straight  or  wavy,  evenly  distributed  and  covering  the  body  well; 
nicely  clipped  coats  no  objection. 

Objections. — Bristles,  hair  coarse,  thin,  standing  up,  not  evenly  distributed 
over  the  body,  except  the  belly. 

COLOR. — White  (blue  spots  or  black  specks  in  skin  shall  not  argue  impurity  of 
blood). 

Objections. — Color  any  other  than  white. 

SIZE. — Large  for  age  and  condition.  Boar  2  years  and  over,  if  in  good 
flesh,  should  weigh  not  less  than  500  pounds ;  sow,  same  age  and  condition,  not 
less  than  45O  pounds.  Boars  18  months  old,  in  good  flesh,  should  weigh  not  less 
than  400  pounds;  sows,  350.  Boars  12  months  old,  not  less  than  300  pounds; 
sows,  300.  Boars  and  sows  G  months  old,  not  less  than  150  pounds  each,  and 
other  ages  in  proportion. 

Objections. — Overgrown,  coarse,  uncouth,  hard  to  fatten. 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Action,  easy  and  graceful ;  style  attractive,  high  car- 
riage ;  in  males  testicles  should  be  readily  seen  ;  same  size  and  carriage. 

Objections. — Sluggish,  awkward,  low  carriage,  wabbling  walk ;  in  males 
testicles  not  easily  seen,  not  of  same  size  or  carriage  or  only  one  showing. 

CONDITION. — Healthy;  skin  clear  and  bright,  free  from  scurf  and  sores:  flesh 
fine  and  mellow  to  the  touch,  evenly  laid  on  and  free  from  lumps;  good  feeding 
qualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy  ;  skin  scaly,  scabby  or  harsh;  flesh  lumpy  or  flabby; 
hair  harsh,  dry.  and  standing  up  from  body;  poor  feeders;  total  deafness. 

DISPOSITION. — Quiet,  gentle,  and  easily  handled,  with  ambition  enough  to  look 
out  for  themselves  if  neglected. 

Objections. — Cross,  restless,  vicious,  or  wild ;   no  ambition. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

FORM. — Upright  ears ;  small,  cramped  chest ;  crease  around  back  of  shoulders 
and  over  the  back,  causing  a  depression  easily  noticed ;  feet  broken  down, 
causing  the  animal  to  walk  on  joints;  deformed  or  badly  crooked  legs. 

SIZE. — Chuff y  or  not  two-thirds  large  enough  for  age. 

CONDITION. — Squabby  fat,  deformed,  seriously  diseased,  barrenness,  total 
blindness. 

SCORE. — Less  than  GO  points. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 

COTX»R. — Black  or  sandy  spots  in  hair. 

OHIO   IMPROVED   CHESTER   SWINE. 

.Score  card  adopted  by  1hc  Ohio  Improved  Chester  Sirine  Breeders'  Association. 

Points,  i  Points. 


Color 

2 

Bellv 

4 

Head  and  face 

5 

Flank 

3 

Ears 

0 

Ham  and  rump 

10 

Jowl 

o 

Tail 

2 

Neck 

3 

Lesrs 

Brisket 

4 

Feet 

4 

Shoulders 

G 

Coat 

3 

Chest  and  heart  girth 

10 

Action 

3 

Back 

7 

Symmetry 

5 

Sides 

6 

Ribs 

Total 

100 

Loin 

7 

THE    SCORE    CARD    IX    STOCK    BREEDING.  25 

DETAILED   DESCRIPTION. 

COLOR. — White.  Black  spots  in  hair  disqualify,  hut  blue  spots  in  hide  (coui- 
monly  known  as  freckles)  while  objectionable  do  not  argue  impurity  of  blood. 

Objections. — Color  any  other  than  white. 

HEAD  AND  FACE. — Head  short  and  wide:  cheeks  neat  (not  too  full)  ;  jaws  broad 
and  strong;  forehead  medium,  high,  and  wide;  face  short  and  smooth;  wide  be- 
tween the  eyes,  which  should  be  prominent,  clear,  and  bright,  and  free  from 
surrounding  fat;  nose  neat,  tapering,  and  slightly  dished. 

Objections. — Head  long,  narrow,  or  coarse:  forehead  low  and  narrow;  jaws 
contracted  and  weak;  face  long,  narrow,  and  straight:  nose  coarse,  clumsy,  or 
dished  like  a  Berkshire;  eyes  small,  deeply  sunken,  or  obscure;  impaired  vision. 

EARS. — Medium  size,  soft,  not  too  thick,  not  clumsy,  {minting  forward  and 
slightly  outward,  drooping  gracefully  and  fully  under  control  of  the  animal. 

Objections. — Too  large  or  too  small;  coarse;  thick:  stiff  or  upright ;  droop- 
ing too  close  to  face ;  not  under  control. 

BRISKET. — Full ;   well  let  down  :   joined  well  to  jowl  in  line  witli  belly. 

Objections. — Narrow  ;   tucked  up  or  depressed. 

JOWL. — Smooth;  neat;  firm;  full:  ^carrying  fullness  well  back  to  shoulders 
and  brisket  when  head  is  carried  up  level. 

Objections. — Light:  rough  and  deeply  wrinkled;  too  large  and  flabby;  not 
carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulders  and  brisket. 

NECK. — Wide;  deep;  short  and  nicely  arched ;  neatly  taj>ering  from  head  to 
shoulder. 

Objections. — Narrow;  thin;  long;  flat  on  top;  tucked  up:  not  extending 
down  to  breast  bone. 

SHOULDERS. — Broad  :  deep  and  full ;  extending  in  line  with  the  side,  and  car- 
rying size  down  to  line  of  belly. 

Objections. — Deficient  in  width  or  depth;  extending  above  line  of  back  :  thick 
beyond  line  of  sides  and  hams;  shields  on  boars  too  coarse  and  prominent. 

.CHEST  AND  HEART  GIRTH. — Full  around  the  heart  and  back  of  the  shoulders; 
ribs  extending  well  down  :  wide  and  full  back  of  fore  legs. 

Objections. — Narrow;  [(inched;  heart  girth  less  than  flank  measure  or  length 
of  body  from  top  of  head  to  root  of  tail ;  or  creased  back  of  shoulders. 

BACK. — Broad;  straight  or  slightly  arched  :  uniform  width;  free  from  lumps 
or  rolls ;  same  height  and  width  at  shoulder  as  at  ham. 

Objections. — Narrow;  swayed;  humped;  creasing  back  of  shoulders;  sun- 
fish-shaped  ;  uneven  width  ;  lumps  or  rolls. 

SIDES. — Full;  smooth;  deep;  carrying  size  down  to  line  of  belly;  even  with 
line  of  ham  and  shoulder. 

Objections. — Flat;  thin;  flabby;  uneven  surface;  compressed  at  l>ottom : 
shrunken  at  shoulder  and  ham. 

RIBS. — Long;    well  sprung  at  top  and  bottom,  giving  animal  a  square  form. 

Objections. — Too  short ;    flat. 

LOIN. — Broad  and  full. 

Objections. — Narrow  ;   depressed. 

BELLY. — Same  width  as  back;  full:  straight:  drooping  as  low  at  flank  as 
at  bottom  of  chest;  line  of  lower  edge  running  parallel  with  sides. 

Objections. — Narrow  ;    pinched  ;    sagging  or  flabby. 

FLANK. — Full  and  even  with  body. 

Objections. — Thin,  tucked  up,  or  drawn  in. 

HAM  AND  RUMP. — Broad;  full:  long:  wide  and  deep,  admitting  of  no 
swells;  buttocks  full,  neat,  and  clean;  stifle  well  covered  with  flesh,  nicely 

3105(5— No.  7<!— O.r>  M 1 


20  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

tapering  toward  tbe  hock  ;  rump  slightly  rounding  from  loin  to  root  of  tail, 
same  width  as  back,  making  an  even  line  with  sides. 

Objections. — Narrow;  short;  not  filled  out  to  stifle;  too  much  cut  up  in 
crotch  or  twist ;  not  coming  down  to  hock  ;  buttocks  flabby  ;  rump  flat,  narrow, 
too  long,  too  steep,  sharp  or  peaked  at  root  of  tail. 

TAIL. — -Small ;  smooth ;  nicely  tapering ;  root  slightly  covered  with  flesh  ; 
carried  in  a  curl. 

Objections. — Coarse;   too  long;   clumsy;    straight. 

LEGS. — Medium  length ;  strong  and  straight ;  set  well  apart  and  well  under 
body;  bone  of  good  size;  firm;  well  muscled:  wide  above  knee  and  hock, 
round  and  tapering  below  knee  and  hock,  enabling  the  animal  to  carry  its 
weight  with  ease;  pasterns  short  ar.d  nearly  upright. 

Objections. — Too  short  or  too  long ;  weak  ;  crooked  ;  too  close  together  ; 
muscle  weak  ;  bone  too  large  and  coarse,  without  taper ;  pasterns  long,  crooked, 
or  slim. 

FEET. — Short ;    firm  ;   tough  ;    animal  standing  well  up  on  toes. 

Objections. — Hoofs  long,  slim,  weak ;   toes  spreading,  crooked,  or  turned  up. 

COAT. — Fine;  either  straight  or  wavy,  with  preference  for  straight;  evenly 
distributed  and  covering  the  body  well ;  nicely  clipped  coats  no  objection. 

Objections. — Bristles;  swirls;  hair  coarse,  thin,  standing  up.  not  evenly 
distributed  over  all  the  body  except  the  belly. 

ACTION. — Easy  and  graceful;  high  carriage;  active;  gentle  and  easily  han- 
dled. In  males  testicles  should  be  readily  seen  and  of  same  size  and  carriage. 

Objections. — Sluggish;  awkward;  low  carriage;  wild;  vicious.  In  males 
testicles  not  distinctly  visible  or  not  of  same  size  and  carriage. 

SYMMETRY. — A  fit  proportion  of  the  several  parts  of  the  body  to  each  other, 
forming  a  harmonious  combination. 

Objections. — A  disproportionate  development  in  one  or  more  i>oints,  or  lack 
of  proper  development  in  any  point. 

DUROC    JERSEY. 

Standard  of  excellence  adopted  by  the  American  Duroc  Jersey  Sirine  Breeders' 

Association. 


The  color  is  a  very  important  factor  in  establishing  the  fancy  markings  of 
any  of  the  improved  breeds  of  swine,  and  it  seems  as  though  the  Duroc 
Jersey  is  no  exception.  Our  breeders  (at  least  many  of  them)  seem  not  to 
have  the  right  idea  as  to  what  our  "  standard  of  characteristics  "  means  by  the 
term  "  cherry  red." 

There  are  many  shades  of  red,  and  we  shall  here  endeavor  to  make  some 
suggestions  which  will  enable  breeders  to  give  the  exact  color  of  their  hogs  sent 
in  for  registration. 

The  best  way  is  to  take  a  few  hairs  from  the  back  of  the  animal  and  hold 
them  in  a  bright  light,  and  then  you  can  tell  very  accurately  the  exact  color. 
If  the  hair  is  a  clear,  deep  red,  not  shading  brown  or  black  at  the  end,  you  have 
a.  cherry-red  color  and  should  be  recorded  as  "  cherry  red."  Should  the  hair  be 
as  above  and  shading  brown  or  black,  it  should  be  recorded  as  "  dark  cherry." 
Should  the  hair  be  lighter  and  glossy  in  the  sunlight,  they  should  be  recorded 
as  "  bright  red"  or  "  bright  cherry."  Should  the  hair  be  light  and  have  a  dull 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  27 

appearance,  it  should  be  recorded  as  "medium."     Should  the  hair  be  dark  or 
shading  black,  it  should  be  recorded  as  "  dark  red." 

The  most  fashionable  color  and  one  our  breeders  should  use  every  i>ossible 
means  to  establish  in  their  herds  is  a  "  cherry  red,"  and  as  speedily  as  i>oxsible 
discard  all  animals  with  black  spots  or  tleeks  and  avoid  very  light  or  dark 
shades  in  their  selection  of  breeding  animals. 

SCORE   CARD. 
[American  Duroc  Jersey  Record,  Volume  XV.  1!>04.  ] 

REVISED    SCALE    OF    POINTS. 


Points. 

Head  and  face 4 

Eyes__  2 

Ears__  2 

Neck 2 

Jowl—  2 

Shoulders 0 

Chest 12 

Back  and  loins 15 

Sides  and  ribs 8 

Belly  and   Hank <i 

Hams  and  rump 10 


Points. 

Legs  and  feet.-  10 

Tail 1 

Coat 2 

Color 2 

Size 5 

Action  and  style 4 

Condition 4 

Disposition- _ 

Total—  -  10() 


DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

Practically  the  same  as  that  in  the  score  card  of  the  National  Association  of 
Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

FORM. — Ears  standing  erect:  small,  cramped  chest,  and  crease  back  of  shoul- 
ders, so  as  to  cause  a  depression  in  the  back  easily  noticed;  seriously  deformed. 
legs  and  badly  broken-down  feet. 

SIZE. — Very  small,  or  not  over  half  ske  as  given  in  this  standard. 

CONDITIONS. — Excessive   fatness  ;   barrenness  ;   deformed  ;   seriously   diseased, 
and  blindness. 

SCORE. — Less  than  50  points. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  \ational  Duroc  Jersey  Record  Association. 

[National  Duroc-.Tersey  Record,  Volume  XI,  1903.) 

SCALE   OF   POINTS. 

Same  as  that  of  the  American  Duroc  Jersey   Swine  Breeders'   Association, 
except  that  2  points  are  allowed  for  head  and  4  for  eyes. 

DETAILED  DESCRIPTION. 

Practically  the  same  as  that  in  the  score  card  of  the  National  Association  of 
Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 


28  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

ticorc  card  adopted  by  the  Rational  Association  of  Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 

DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD  AND  FACE. — Head  small  in  proportion  to  size  of  body,  wide  between 
eyes;  face  nicely  dished  (about  halfway  between  a  Poland  China  and  a  Berk- 
shire) and  tapering  well  down  to  the  nose;  surface  smooth  and  even. 

Objections. — Large  and  coarse,  narrow  between  the  eyes ;  face  straight ; 
crooked  nose,  or  too  much  dished. 

EYES.— Lively,  bright,  and  prominent. 

Objections. — Dull,  weak,  and  obscure. 

EARS. — Medium,  moderately  thin,  pointing  forward,  downward,  and  slightly 
outward,  carrying  a  slight  curve,  attached  to  head  very  neatly. 

Objections. — Very  large,  nearly  round,  too  thick,  swinging  or  flabby,  not  of 
same  size,  different  position,  and  not  under  control  of  animal. 

NECK. — Short,  thick,  and  very  deep  and  slightly  arching. 

Objections. — Long,  shallow,  and  thin. 

JOWL. — Broad,  full,  and  neat,  carrying  fullness  back  to  point  of  shoulders 
and  on  a  line  with  breastbone. 

Objections. — Too  large,  loose,  and  flabby,  small,  thin,  and  wedging. 

SHOULDERS. — Moderately  broad,  very  deep  and  full,  carrying  thickness  well 
down  and  not  extending  al>ove  line  of  back. 

Objections. — Small,  thin,  shallow,  extending  above  line  of  back.  Boars  under 
1  year  old  heavily  shielded. 

CHEST. — Large,  very  deep,  filled  full  behind  shoulders,  breastbone  extending 
well  forward  so  as  to  be  readily  seen. 

Objections.- — Flat,  shallow,  or  not  extending  well  down  between  fore  legs. 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Back  medium  in  breadth,  straight,  or  slightly  arching, 
carrying  even  width  from  shoulder  to  ham,  surface  even  and  smooth. 

Objections.- — Narrow,  creased  behind  shoulders,  swayed  or  humpbacked. 

SIDES  AND  RIBS. — Sides  very  deep,  medium  in  length,  level  between  shoulders 
and  hams  and  carrying  out  full  down  to  line  of  belly.  Ribs  long,  strong,  and 
sprung  in  proportion  to  width  of  shoulders  and  hams. 

Objections. — Flabby,  creased,  shallow,  and  not  carrying  proper  width  from 
top  to  bottom. 

BELLY  AND  FLANK. — Straight  and  full  and  carrying  well  out  to  line  of  sides. 
Flank  well  down  to  lower  line  of  sides. 

Objections. — Narrow,  tucked  up  or  drawn  in.  sagging  or  flabby. 

HAMS  AND  RUMP. — Broad,  full,  and  well  let  down  to  the  hock  ;  buttock  full  and 
coming  nearly  down  and  filling  full  between  hocks.  Rump  should  have  a  round 
slope  from  loin  to  root  of  tail,  same  width  as  back  and  well  filled  out  around  tail. 

Objections. — Ham  narrow,  short,  thin,  not  projecting  well  down  to  hock ;  cut 
up  too  high  in  crotch.  Rump  narrow,  flat,  or  peaked  at  root  of  tail ;  too  steep. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Medium  size  and  length,  straight,  nicely  tapered,  wide  apart 
and  well  set  under  the  body,  pasterns  short  and  strong.  Feet  short,  firm,  and 
tough. 

Objections. — Legs  extremely  long,  or  very  short,  slim,  coarse,  crooked ;  legs 
as  large  below  knee  and  hock  as  above;  set  too  close  together;  hocks  turned  in 
or  out  of  straight  line.  Feet;  hoofs  long,  slim,  and  weak;  toes  spreading  or 
crooked. 

TAIL. — Medium  ;  large  at  base  and  nicely  tapering  and  rather  bushy  at  end. 

Objections. — Extremely  heavy ;  too  long  and  ropy. 

COAT. — Moderately  .thick  and  fine;  straight,  smooth,  and"  covering  the  body 
well. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  29 

Objections. — Too  ninny  bristles;  hair  coarse,  harsh,  and  rough ;  wavy  or  curly, 
swirl:*  or  not  evenly  laid  over  the  body. 

COLOR. — Cherry  red,  without  other  admixtures. 

Objections. — Very  dark  red  or  shading  brown,  very  pale  or  light  red.  black 
sfKjts  over  the  body ;  black  flecks  on  lielly  and  legs  not  desirable,  but  admissible. 

SIZE. — Large  for  age  and  condition.  Boars  2  years  old  and  over  should  weigh 
GOO  pounds ;  sow  same  age  and  condition,  500  pounds ;  hoars  18  inontlis,  475 
pounds;  sow,  400  pounds;  hoars  12  months.  .'{50  (tounds ;  sow,  300  iNHinds;  l»oar 
and  sow  pigs  (5  months,  150  i»ouuds.  These  figures  are  for  animals  in  a  fuir 
sllow  condition. 

Objections. — Hough  and  coarse  and  lacking  in  feeding  qualities. 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Action,  vigorous  and  animated.     Style,  free  and  easy. 

Objections. — Dull  or  stupid,  awkward  and  wabbling.  In  lioars  testicles  not 
easily  seen  nor  of  same  size  or  carriage ;  too  large  or  only  one  showing. 

CONDITION. — Healthy:  skin  free  from  any  scurf,  scales,  sores,  and  mange: 
flesh  evenly  laid  over  the  entire  body  and  free  from  any  lumps. 

Objections. — Unhealthy,  scurfy,  scaly,  sores,  mange;  too  fat  for  breeding  pur- 
poses; hair  harsh  and  standing  up;  poor  feeders. 

DISPOSITION. — Very  quiet  and  gentle;  easily  handled  or  driven. 

Objections. — Wild,  vicious  or  stubborn. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

FORM. — Ears  standing  erect,  small  cramped  chest,  and  crease  back  of  shoul- 
ders and  over  back  so  as  to  cause  a  depression  in  the  back  easily  noticed: 
seriously  deformed  legs,  or  badly  broken  down  feet. 

SIZE. — Very  small,  or  not  two-thirds  large  enough  as  given  by  the  standard. 

SCORE. — Less  than  50  points. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 

HAMPSHIRE  (THIN  RIND). 
Score  card  adopted  Ity  Ihc  American  Hampshire  Xicine  Record  A**ociation. 

DETAILED   DESCRIPTION. 

Point*. 

HEAD  AXD  FACE. — Head  medium  length,  rather  narrow,  cheeks  not  full : 
face  nearly  straight  and  medium  width  between  the  eyes,  surface  even 
and  regular 4 

Objections. — Head  large,  coarse,  and  ridgy  ;  nose  crooked  or  much 
dished. 
EYES. — Bright  and  lively,  free  from  wrinkles  or  surrounding  fat__  ~ 

Objections. — Small,  deep,  or  obscure,  or  vision  impaired  by  fat  or 
other  cause. 
EARS. — Medium  length,  thin,  slightly  inclined  outward  and  forward--  2 

Objections. — Large,   coarse,   thick,    large,   or   long  knuck.   drooping 
or  not  under  good  control  of  the  animal. 

NECK. — Short,  well  set  to  shoulders,  tapering  from  shoulders  to  head 2 

Objections. — Long,  thick,  or  bulky. 

JOWL. — Light  and  tapering  from  neck  to  point,  neat  and  firm-- 
Objections.— Large,  broad,  deep,  or  flabby. 
Snon.DKRS. — Deep,  medium  width  and  fullness,  well  in  line  with  back__  «> 

Objections. — Narrow  on  top  or  bottom,  thick  beyond  line  with  sides 
and  hams. 


30  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

Points. 
CHEST. — Large,  deep,  and  roomy  :  full  girth,  extending  down  even  with 

line  of  belly 1'2 

Objections. — Narrow    at   top  or   bottom  :  small   girth,   cramped  or 
tucked  up. 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Back  straight  or  slightly  arched ;  medium  breadth,  with 
nearly   uniform   thickness   from   shoulders  to  liams  and   full   at   loin ; 

sometimes  higher  at  hips  than  at  shoulders 15 

Objections. — Narrow,  creased,  or  drooped  behind  shoulders :  sur- 
face ridgy  or  uneven. 

SIDES  AND  RIKS. — Sides  full,  smooth,  firm ;  carry  size  evenly  from  shoul- 
ders to  hams;  ribs  strong,  well  sprung  at  top  and  bottom 8 

Objections. — Sides  thin,   flat,  flabby,  or  creased,  or  ribs  not  well 
sprung. 
BELLY   AND  FLANK. — Straight   and   full,   devoid  of  grossness ;  flank    full 

and  running  nearly  on  line  with  sides <> 

Objections. — Belly  sagging  or  flabby ;  flank  thin  or  tucked  up. 
HAMS  AND  RUMP. — Hams  of  medium  width,  long  and  deep;  rump  slightly 
rounded   from   loin   to  root  of  tail ;   buttock   full   and   neat  and   firm, 

devoid  of  flabbiness  or  excessive  fat '. 10 

Objections. — Ham  narrow,  cut  too  high  in  crotch,  buttock  flabby, 

rump  too  flat,  too  narrow,  or  too  steep  or  peaked  at  root  of  tail. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Legs  medium  length,  set  well  apart  and  squarely  under 

body,  wide  above  knee  and  hock  and  rounded  and  well  muscled  below, 

tapering;  bone  medium;  pasterns  short  and  nearly  upright;  toes  short 

and  firm,  enabling  the  animal  to  carry  its  weight  with  ease 10 

Objections. — Legs  too  long,  slim,  crooked,  coarse,  or  short ;  weak 
muscles  above  hock  and  knee  bone  large  and  coarse  and  legs  without 
taper ;  pasterns  too  long  to  correspond  with  length  of  leg.  too  crooked 
or  too  slender;  feet  long,  slim  and  weak;  toes  spreading,  too  long, 
crooked,  or  turned  up. 

TAIL. — Medium  length,  slightly  curled 1 

Objections. — Coarse,  long,  clumsy,  swinging  like  a  pendulum. 

COAT, — Fine,  straight,  smooth 2 

Objections. — Bristles  or  swirls,  coarse  or  curly. 
COLOB. — Black,   with  exception  of  white  belt  encircling  body,    including 

forelegs 2 

Objections. — White  running  high  on  hind  legs  or  extending  more 
than  one- fourth  length  of  body,  or  solid  black. 

SIZE. — Large  for  condition  ;  lx>ar  2  years  and  over,  450  pounds :  sows  same 
age,  400  pounds ;   18  months  boar,  350  pounds ;  sow,  325  pounds ;   12 

months  boar  or  sow,  300  pounds  ;  G  mouths,  both  sexes,  140  pounds 5 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Active,  vigorous,  quick,  and  graceful ;  style,  attractive 

and  spirited 4 

Objections. — Dull,  sluggish,  and  clumsy. 

CONDITION. — Healthy;  skin  free  from  all  defects;  flesh  evenly  laid  on  and 
smooth  and  firm,  not  patchy,  and  devoid  of  all  excess  of  grossness. 

Objections. — Skin  scurfy,  scaly,  mangy,  or  otherwise  unhealthy ; 
hair  harsh,  dwarfed,  or  cramped,  not  growthy. 

DISPOSITION. — Docile,  quiet,  and  easily  handled 3 

Objections. — Cross,  restless,  vicious,  or  with  no  ambition. 


Total   _  9f> 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  81 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

COLOR. — Spotted  or  more  than  two-thirds  white. 

FORM. — Any  radical  deformity,  oars  very  large  or  drooping  over  eyes,  crooked 
or  weak  legs,  or  broken-down  feet. 

CONDITION. — Seriously  impaired  or  diseased,  excessive  grossness,  barrenness 
in  animals  over  2  years  of  age.  chnffy  or  squabby  fat. 

SIZE. — Not  two-thirds  standard  weight. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 

POLAND    CHINA. 

Kcalc  of  {mint*  adopted  Ity  the  Xatioual  Poland  China  Href-tier*'  Axxoeiation  nt 
the  annual  inei'tini/  held  in  Chieaao  in  \oreinber,  /tf.s'6'. 


[Ohio  Poland  China  Itecord,  Volume  XXIV,  UM»i» ;   American  Poland  China  ICecord,  Volume 

XI,  1800.] 

Points. 

COLOR. — Dark,  spotted,  or  black 

HEAD. — Small,  broad:  face  slightly  dished. _  "» 

EARS. — Fine  and  drooping - 

JOWL. — Neat  and  full-.  2 

NECK. — Short,  full,  slightly  arched 3 

BRISKET.— Full 

SHOULDER. — Broad  and  deep__  0 

GIRTH  AROUND  HEART 10 

BACK. — Straight  and  broad 7 

SIDES. — Deep  and  full <! 

RIBS. — Wejl  sprung 7 

LOIN. — Broad  and  strong 7 

BELLY. — Wide  and  straight 4 

FLANK.- — Well  let  down 8 

HAM. — Broad,  full,  and  deep 10 

TAIL. — Tapering  and  not  coarse 2 

LIMBS. — Strong,  straight,  and  tapering.  _ 

COAT. — Thick  and  soft 

ACTION.— Prompt,  easy,  and  graceful 

SYMMETRY. — Adaptation  of  the  several  points  to  each  other. _ 


Total KM) 

DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

COLOR. — Black  or  dark  spotted,  with  white  points.  (Sandy  spots  and  s|H>ckled 
color  shall  not  argue  impurity  of  blood,  but  are  not  desirable.) 

Objections. — Solid  black  or  with  more  sandy  or  white  than  black  hairs  on 
body. 

HEAD. — Short,  broad  between  the  eyes,  and  nicely  tapering  from  eyes  to  point 
of  nose;  face  slightly  dished:  cheeks  full. 

Objections. — Head  coarse,  long,  and  narrow:  face  too  much  dished:  snout 
coarse  and  thick. 

EARS. — Drooping,  fine,  and  silky:  pointing  forward  and  a  little  outward:  well 
proportioned  to  size  of  body. 

Objections. — Too  large  and  coarse;  thick,  lopping:  lying  too  near  the  face; 
stiff,  erect,  or  too  round. 

JOWL. — Full,  firm,  and  neat,  carrying  fullness  well  b:Tck  to  shoulder  and 
brisket. 


82  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

Objections. — Flabby,  light,  thin  in  cheeks,  tucking  up  under  the  neck. 

NECK. — Full,  deep,  short,  and  slightly  arched. 

Objections. — Long,  flat,  lacking  in  fullness  or  depth. 

BRISKET. — Full,  well  let  down,  extending  well  forward  and  on  line  with  belly. 

Objections. — Narrow  or  tucked  up. 

SHOULDERS. — Broad,  deep,  thickness  in  proportion  to  the  sides  and  hams,  full 
and  even  on  top. 

Objections. — Lacking  in  depth  or  width,  thick  beyond  the  lines  of  the  sides 
and  hams,  blade  too  prominent. 

GIRTH  AROUND  HEART. — Full  back  of  shoulders;  ribs  extending  well  down; 
wide  and  full  back  of  fore  legs. 

Objections. — Less  than  flank  measure  or  length  of  body  from  top  of  head  to 
root  of  tail,  or  creased  back  of  shoulders. 

BACK. — Broad,  straight  or  slightly  arched,  carrying  width  well  back  to  hams, 
and  of  medium  length. 

Objections. — Narrow  ;  creasing  back  of  shoulders ;  narrow  across  the  loins ; 
swayed ;  too  long ;  suntish  shaped. 

LOIN. — Broad,  strong,  and  full. 

Objections. — Narrow,  weak. 

SIDES. — Full,  deep;  carrying  sides  well  down  and  back. 

Objections. — Too  round  or  flat;  shallow  or  thin  at  the  flank. 

Rres. — Well  sprung  and  long,  carrying  fullness  and  depth  well  back. 

Objections. — Too  flat ;  curve  of  ribs  too  short. 

BELLY. — Wide  and  straight. 

Objections. — Sagging  ;  narrow. 

FLANK. — Well  let  down  and  full. 

Objections. — Thin ;  tucked  in  ;  cut  up  too  high. 

HAM. — Full,  broad,  deep,  holding  width  and  coming  well  down  over  hock. 

Objections. — Narrow,  short,  too  steep  at  the  rump,  and  cut  up  too  high  in 
crotch. 

TAIL. — Well  set  on  ;  small,  smooth  and  well  tapered. 

Objections. — Coarse,  large,  too  prominent  at  the  root. 

LIMBS. — Medium  length ;  well  set  apart  and  well  tapered ;  bone  firm  and 
flinty,  not  coarse;  muscles  full  above  knee  and  hock;  pastern  short;  foot  short. 

Objections. — Long,  slim,  coarse,  crooked,  muscles  light;  pastern  long,  slim,  or 
flat ;  feet  long  or  sprawling. 

COAT. — Fine,  thick,  and  covering  the_  body  well. 

Objections. — Coarse,  bristly,  harsh  and  wiry. 

ACTION. — Easy,  prompt,  tine,  and  graceful. 

Objections. — Dull,  sluggish,  clumsy. 

SYMMETRY. — A  harmonious  combination  of  the  foregoing  scale  of  points. 

Objections. — Too  much  developed  in  some  points  and  lacking  in  others. 

SERIOUS    OBJECTIONS. 

FORM. — Small  growth  ;  upright  ears ;  small,  cramped  chest ;  crease  back  of  the 
shoulders,  so  as  to  be  readily  seen  ;  deformed  and  badly  crooked  legs ;  feet  broken 
down  so  that  the  animal  walks  on  pastern  joints  and  dewclaws. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

CONDITION. — Excessive  fat ;  barren  ;  deformed  ;  unsound  or  diseased  ;  ridgling 
or  one-seeded. 

SCORE.— A  score  of  less  than  GO  points  of  the  standard. 
PEDIGREE. — Lack  of  eligibility  to  record. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING. 


33 


Scale  of  points  adopted  by  Southicestcrn  I'olaiid  China  Record  Association. 


Points. 
4 
2 


Head  and  face 

Eyes 

Ears 2 

Neck 2 

Jowl 2 

Shoulders 0 

Chest 12 

Back  and  loin in 

Sides  and   ribs 8 

Belly  and  flank G 

Hams  and  rump 10 


1'olnts. 

Feet  and  legs in 

Tail  _.  l 


Coat- 
Color 
Size  _ 


Action  and  stylo 4 

Condition 4 

DisiM)sition__  3 


Total.  _  _   100 


Score  card  adopted  by  the  Standard  Poland  China  Record  Association. 

SCALE   OF   POINTS. 

Same  as  that  of  National  Association  of  Expert  Judges  on  Swine,  except  that 
4  points  are  allowed  on  color  and  2  on  symmetry. 

DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD  AND  FACE. — Head  short  and  wide ;  cheeks  full ;  jaws  broad  ;  forehead 
high  and  wide ;  face  short,  smooth,  wide  between  the  eyes,  tai>ering  from  eyes  to 
point  of  nose  and  slightly  dished  surface,  even  and  regular. 

Objections. — Head  long,  narrow,,  coarse ;  forehead  low  and  narrow  or  con- 
tracted; lower  jaw  extending  beyond  upper;  face  long,  straight,  and  narrow 
between  the  eyes ;  nose  coarse,  thick,  or  crooked,  ridgy,  or  dished  as  much  as  a 
Berkshire. 

EYES. — Large,  prominent,  bright,  lively,  clear,  and  free  from  wrinkled  or 
surrounding  fat. 

Objections. — Small,  dull,  bloodshot,  deep  set,  or  obscure;  vision  impaired  by 
wrinkles,  fat,  or  other  cause. 

EARS. — Small,  thin,  soft,  silky,  attached  to  the  head  by  a  short  and  small 
knuck,  tips  pointing  forward  and  slightly  outward,  and  the  forward  half  droop- 
ing gracefully,  fully  under  control  of  animal,  both  of  same  size,  position,  and 
shape. 

NECK. — Wide.  deep,  short,  and  nicely  arched  at  top  from  i>oll  of  head  to 
shoulder. 

Objections. — Long,  narrow,  thin,  flat  on  top.  not  extending  down  to  breast 
bone,  tucked  up. 

JOWL.— Full,  broad,  deep,  smooth,  and  firm,  carrying  fullness  back  near  to 
point  of  shoulders  and  below  line  of  lower  jaw.  so  that  lower  line  will  be  as 
low  as  breast  bone  when  head  is  carried  up  level. 

Objections. — Light,  flabby,  thin,  wedge-shaped,  deeply  wrinkled,  not  droop- 
ing below  line  of  lower  jaw,  and  not  carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulder  and 
brisket. 

SHOULDER. — Broad,  deep,  and  full,  not  extending  above  line  of  back  and  iM'ing 
as  wide  on  top  as  on  back,  carrying  size  down  to  line  of  belly  and  having  good 
lateral  width. 


34  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

Objections. — Narrow  and  not  same  depth  as  body,  narrow  at  top  or  bottom 
or  extending  above  line  of  back,  less  than  body  in  breadth  at  top  or  bottom 
portions,  or  lacking  in  lateral  width :  shields  on  boars  under  8  months  of  age, 
or  large,  heavy  shields  on  hogs  under  18  months  of  age. 

CHEST. — Large,  wide,  deep,  roomy,  indicating  plenty  of  room  for  vital  organs, 
making  a  large  girth  just  back  of  the  shoulders,  the  breastbone  extending 
forward  so  as  to  show  slightly  in  front  of  legs  and  extending  in  a  straight 
line  back  to  end  of  breastbone,  showing  a  width  of  not  less  than  G  inches 
between  fore  legs  in  a  large,  full-grown  hog. 

Objections. — Flat,  pinched,  narrow  at  top  or  either  end  of  breastbone;  breast- 
bone crooked  or  not  extending  slightly  in  front  of  fore  legs. 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Broad,  straight,  or  slightly  arched,  carrying  same  width 
from  shoulder  to  ham ;  surface  even,  smooth,  free  from  lumps,  creases  or  pro- 
jections ;  not  too  long,  but  broad  on  top,  indicating  well-sprung  ribs ;  should 
not  be  higher  on  hip  than  at  shoulder,  and  should  fill  out  at  junction  with 
side  so  that  a  straightedge  placed  along  top  of  side  will  touch  all  the  way 
from  point  of  shoulder  to  point  of  ham:  should  be  shorter  than  lower  belly  line. 

Objections. — Narrow,  creased  back  of  shoulders,  swayed  or  hollow,  drooping 
below  a  straight  line,  humped  or  wrinkled,  too  long  or  sunfish  shaped ;  loin 
high,  narrow,  depressed,  or  humped  up,  surface  lumpy,  creased,  ridgy,  or  uneven ; 
width  at  side  not  as  much  as  shoulder  and  ham. 

SIDES  AND  RIBS. — Sides  full,  smooth,  firm,  and  deep,  carrying  size  down  to 
belly  and  evenly  from  ham  to  shoulder ;  ribs  long,  strong,  well  sprung  at  top 
and  bottom. 

Objections. — Flat,  thin,  flabby,  pinched,  not  as  full  at  .bottom  as  at  top, 
drawn  in  at  shoulder  so  as  to  produce  a  crease,  or  pinched  and  tucked  up  and 
in  as  it  approaches  the  ham  ;  lumpy  or  uneven  surface ;  ribs  flat  or  too  short. 

BELLY  AND  FLANK. — Wide,  straight,  and  full,  and  dropping  as  low  as  flank  at 
bottom  of  chest,  back  of  fore  leg.  making  a  straight  line  from  fore  legs  to  hind 
legs;  flank  full  and  out  even  with  surrounding  portions  of  body,  the  belly  at 
that  point  dropping  down  on  a  line  with  lower  line  of  chest;  the  loose  skin 
connecting  ham  and  belly  being  on  a  line  even  with  bottom  or  side. 

Objections. — Belly  narrow,  pinched,  sagging,  or  flabby ;  flank  thin,  tucked  up, 
or  drawn  in. 

HAMS  AND  BUMP. — Hams  broad,  full,  long,  and  wide.  They  should  be  as 
wide  at  point  of^  the  hip  as  at  the  swell  of  the  ham.  Buttocks  large  and 
full ;  should  project  beyond  and  come  down  upon  and  fill  full  between  the  hocks. 
The  lower  front  part  of  the  ham  should  be  full,  and  stifle  well  covered  with 
flesh,  and  a  gradual  rounding  toward  the  hock.  Rump  should  have  a  rounding 
slope  from  the  loin  to  root  of  tail ;  same  width  as  back,  and  filling  out  full  on 
each  side  of  and  above  the  tail. 

Objections. — Ham  narrow,  short,  thin,  not  projecting  beyond  and  coming 
down  to  hock ;  cut  up  too  high  in  crotch  twist ;  lacking  in  fullness  at  top  or 
bottom :  lacking  in  width  from  stifle  straight  back  ;  lower  fore  part  thin  and 
flat;  straight  from  root  of  tail  to  hock;  buttocks  light,  thin,  or  flabby;  rump 
flat,  narrow,  and  peaked  at  root  of  tail ;  too  steep. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Legs  medium  length,  straight,  set  well  apart  and  squarely 
under  the  body,  tapering,  well  muscled,  and  wide  above  knee  and  hock  ;  below 
hock  and  knee  round  and  tapering,  capable  of  sustaining  weight  of  animal  in 
full  flesh  without  breaking  down ;  bone  firm  and  of  fine  texture ;  pasterns 
short  and  nearly  upright.  Feet  firm,  short,  tough,  and  free  from  defects. 

Objections. — Legs  long,  slim,  coarse,  crooked,  muscles  small  above  hock  and 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  35 

knee;  bone  large,  coarse,  as  large  at  foot  as  above  knee;  pasterns  long,  slim, 
crooked,  or  weak;  the  hocks  turned  in  or  out  of  straight  line;  legs  too  close 
together;  hoofs  long,  slim,  and  weak,  toes  spreading  or  crooked,  or  unable  to 
bear  up  weight  of  animal  without  breaking  down. 

TAIL. — Well  set  on,  smooth,  tapering,  and  carried  in  a  curl. 

Objections. — Coarse,  long,  crooked,  or  hanging  straight  down  like  a  rope. 

COAT. — Fine,  straight,  smooth,  lying  close  to  and  covering  the  l»ody  well,  not 
clipped,  evenly  distributed  over  the  body. 

Objections. — Bristles;  hair  coarse,  harsh,  thin,  wavy  or  curly,  swirls,  stand- 
ing up;  ends  of  hair  split  and  brown,  not  evenly  distributed  over  all  the  liody 
except  belly.  Clipped  coats  should  be  cut  1.5  points. 

COLOR. — Black,  with  white  in  face  or  lower  jaw ;  white  on  feet  and  tip  of 
tail ;  a  few  small,  clear  white  spots  on  body  not  objectionable. 

Objections. — Solid  black,  more  than  one-fourth  white;  sandy  hairs  on  spots; 
a  grizzled  or  speckled  appearance. 

SIZE. — Large  for  age  and  condition.  Boars  2  years  old  and  over,  if  in  g<x>d 
flesh,  should  weigh  not  less  than  500  pounds ;  sows  same  age  and  condition, 
not  less  than  450  pounds.  Boars  18  months  old,  in  good  condition,  not  less 
than  400  pounds ;  sows,  350  pounds.  Boars  12  months  old,  not  less  than  300 
pounds;  sows,  300  pounds.  Boars  and  sows,  *G  months,  not  less  than  150 
pounds.  Other  ages  in  proportion. 

Objections. — Overgrowth,  coarse,  gangling,  or  hard  to  fatten  at  any  age. 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Action  vigorous,  easy,  quick,  and  graceful.  Style  at- 
tractive, high  carriage,  and  in  males  testicles  should  be  of  same  size  and  car- 
riage, readily  seen,  and  yet  not  too  large. 

Objections. — Slow,  dull,  clumsy,  awkward,  difficulty  in  getting  up  when 
down,  low  carriage,  wabbling  walk.  In  males  testicles  not  easily  seen,  not  of 
same  size  or  carriage,  too  large,  or  only  one  showing.- 

CONDITION. — Healthy;  skin  clear  of  scurf,  scales,  or  sores,  soft  and  mellow 
to  the  touch;  flesh  flue,  evenly  laid  on,  and  free  from  lumps  or  wrinkles;  hair 
soft  and  lying  close  to  body;  good  feeding  qualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy  skin,  scaly,  wrinkly,  scabby,  or  harsh,  flabbiness  or 
lumpy  flesh,  too  much  fat  for  breeding ;  hair  harsh,  dry,  and  standing  up 
from  body ;  poor  feeders ;  deafness,  partial  or  total. 

DISPOSITION. — Quiet,  gentle,  and  easily  handled. 

Objections. — Cross,  restless,  vicious,  or  wild. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

FORM. — Upright  ears,  small  cramped  chest ;  crease  hack  of  shoulders  and 
over  the  back  so  as  to  cause  a  depression  in  back  easily  noticed ;  deformed  or 
badly  crooked  legs ;  feet  broken  down  so  that  animal  walks  on  pastern  joints. 

SIZE. — China  build  or  not  two-thirds  large  enough  for  age. 

CONDITION. — Excessive  fatness  ;  barrenness  ;  deformed  :  seriously  diseased  ; 
total  blindness,  caused  by  defective  eyes  or  by  reason  of  fat  or  loose  and 
wrinkled  skin  over  the  eyes. 

SCORE. — Less  than  sixty  points. 

PEDIGREE. — Not  eligible  to  record. 


36 


BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 


ticorc  card  adopted  by  the  National  Association  of  Expert  Judges  on  Swine. 


SCALE    OF    POINTS. 


Points. 

Head 1 4 

Eyes 2 

Ears 2 

Neck 2 

Jowl 2 

Shoulders G 

Chest 12 

Back  and  loin 14 

Sides  and  rihs 10 

Belly  and  flank 4 

Ham  and  ruinp 10 


Points. 

Feet  and  legs 10 

Tail  _.  1 


Coat- 
Color 
Size  _ 


Action  and  style 3 

Condition 2 

Disposition 2 

Symmetry  of  points 3 


Total_  _  _  100 


DETAILED    DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD. — Head  should  be  broad,  even  and  smooth  between  and  above  the  eyes. 
Slightly  dished,  tapering  evenly  and  gradually  to  near  the  end  of  the  nose. 
Broad  lower  jaw.  Head  inclined  to  shortness,  but  not  enough  to  give  the 
appearance  of  stubby  nose.  And  in  male  a  masculine  expression  and  appear- 
ance. 

Objections. — Head  long,  narrow  between  the  eyes ;  nose  uneven  and  coarse ; 
too  large  at  the  muzzle  or  the  head  too  short ;  not  full  or  high  above  the  eyes, 
or  too  much  wrinkled  around  or  above  the  eyes. 

EYES. — Full,  clear,  prominent,  and  expressive. 

Objections. — Dull  expression,  deep-set  or  obscure.  Sight  impaired  by  wrin- 
kles, fat,  or  other  cause. 

EARS. — Ears  attached  to  the  head  by  a  short,  firm  knuckle,  giving  free 'and 
easy  action.  Standing  up  slightly  at  the  base  to  within  two-thirds  of  the  tip, 
where  a  gentle  break  or  drop  should  occur;  in  size  neither  too  large  nor  too 
small,  but  even,  fine,  thin,  leaf  shape.  Slightly  inclined  outward. 

Objections. — Large,  floppy,  straight,  upright,  or  coarse ;  knuckle  long,  letting 
the  ear  drop  too  close  to  the  head  and  face,  hindering  the  animal  of  free  use  of 
the  ears. 

NECK. — Short,  wide,  even,  smooth,  well  arched.  Rounding  and  full  from 
poll  to  shoulder,  with  due  regard  to  the  characteristics  of  the  sex. 

Objections. — Long,  narrow,  thin,  and  drooping  from  the  shoulder  to  the  poll, 
with  unevenness  caused  by  wrinkles  or  creases. 

JOWL. — Full,  broad,  deep,  smooth,  and  firm,  carrying  fullness  back  near  to 
point  of  shoulders  and  below  line  of  lower  jaw,  so  that  lower  line  will  be  as  low 
as  breastbone  when  head  is  carried  up  level. 

Objections. — Light,  flabby,  thin,  and  wedge-shaped,  deeply  wrinkled,  not 
drooping  below  line  of  lower  jaw  and  not  carrying  fullness  back  to  shoulder  and 
brisket. 

SHOULDER. — Broad  and  oval  at  the  top.  showing  evenness  with  the  back  and 
neck,  with  good  width  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  and  even  smoothness  extend- 
ing well  forward. 

Objections. — Narrow  at  the  top  or  bottom ;  not  as  deep  as  the  body,  uneven 
width.  Shields  on  pigs  under  eight  months  of  age,  or  showing  too  much  shield 
at  any  age. 

CHEST. — Large,  wide,  deep,  and  full ;  even  underline  to  the  shoulder  and  sides, 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  37 

with  no  creases;  giving  plenty  of  room  for  the  heart  and  other  organs,  making 
a  large  girth  indicating  much  vitality.  Brisket  smooth,  even,  and  broad;  wide 
between  the  legs  and  extending  well  forward,  showing  in  front. 

Objections. — Pinched  appearance  at  the  top  or  lx>ttoni,  or  tucked  in  back  of 
the  fore  legs ;  showing  too  narrow  between  the  legs ;  not  depth  enough  back  of 
the  shoulders.  Brisket  uneven,  narrow,  not  prominent. 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Broad,  straight  or  slightly  arched,  carrying  same  width 
from  shoulder  to  ham,  surface  even,  smooth,  free  from  lumps,  creases  or  projec- 
tions, not  too  long  but  broad  on  top,  indicating  well-sprung  ribs ;  should  not  be 
higher  at  hip  than  at  shoulder  and  should  fill  out  at  junction  with  side  so  that 
a  straightedge  placed  along  at  top  of  side  will  touch  all  the  way  from  point  of 
shoulder  to  point  of  ham,  should  be  shorter  than  lower  belly  line. 

Objections. — Narrow,  creased  back  of  shoulders,  swayed  or  hollow,  dropping 
below  a  straight  line:  humped  or  wrinkled;  too  long  or  sunfish  shaped;  loin 
high,  narrow,  depressed  or  humped  up ;  surface  lumpy,  creased,  ridgy  or  uneven  ; 
width  at  side  not  as  much  as  shoulder  and  ham. 

SIDES  AND  RIBS. — Sides  full,  firm,  and  deep,  free  from  wrinkles;  carrying 
size  down  to  belly  ;  even  from  ham  to  shoulder;  ribs  of  good  length,  well  sprung 
at  top  and  bottom. 

Objections. — Flat,  thin,  flabby,  pinched,  not  as  full  at  l»ottom  as  at  top; 
drawn  in  at  shoulder  so  as  to  produce  a  crease  or  pinched  and  tucked  up  and  in 
as  it  approaches  the  ham ;  uneven  surface;  ribs  flat  or  too  short. 

BELLY  AND  FLANK. — Belly  broad,  straight  and  full,  indicating  capacity  and 
room,  being  about  the  same  or  on  a  level  at  the  flank  with  the  underline  of  the 
chest.  Underline  straight,  or  nearly  so,  and  free  from  flabby  api>earance. 

Objections. — Belly  uneven  and  flabby,  or  apparent  looseness  in  the  make-up. 
Pinched  up  in  the  flank  or  flanked  too  high. 

HAM  AND  RUMP. — Hams  broad,  full,  deep,  and  long  from  rump  to  hock.  Fully 
developed  above  and  below,  being  wide  at  the  point  of  the  hip,  carrying  width 
well  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the  hams.  Fleshy,  plump,  rounding  fullness  i»er- 
coptible  everywhere.  Rump  rounding  and  gradually  sloping  from  the  loin  to  the 
root  of  the  tail.  Broad  and  well  developed  all  along  from  loin  and  gradually 
rounding  to  the  buttock  ;  lower  front  part  of  ham  should  lie  full  and  stifle  well 
covered  with  flesh.  Even  width  of  ham  and  rump  with  the  back,  loin,  and 
body.  Even  a  greater  width  as  to  females  not  objectionable. 

Objections. — Ham  short,  narrow,  too  round  or  slim.  Not  tilled  out  altove  or 
below,  or  unshapely  for  deep  meat ;  not  as  wide  as  the  body ;  back  or  loin  too 
tapering  or  small.  Rump  narrow  or  i>ointed,  not  plump  or  well  filled  or  too 
steep  from  loin  to  the  tail. 

LEGS  AND  FEET. — Legs  medium  length,  straight,  set  well  apart  and  squarely 
under  body,  tapering,  well  muscled  and  wide  above  knee  and  hock  :  belwv  hock 
and  knee  round  and  tapering,  capable  of  sustaining  weight  of  animal  in  full 
flesh  without  breaking  down  :  bone  firm  and  of  fine  texture :  pasterns  short  and 
nearly  upright.  Feet  firm,  short,  tough,  and  free  from  defects. 

Objections. — Legs  long,  slim,  coarse,  crooked  :  muscles  small  above  hock  and 
knee;  bone  large,  coarse;  as  large  at  foot  as  above  knee:  pasterns  long.  slim, 
crooked  or  weak;  the  hocks  turned  in  or  out  of  straight  line;  legs  too  close 
together:  hoofs  long.  slim,  and  weak;  toes  spreading  or  crooked  or  unable  to 
bear  up  weight  of  animal  without  breaking  down. 

TAIL. — Tail  of  medium  length  and  size,  smooth  and  tapering  well,  and  carried 
in  a  curl. 

Objections. — Coarse  and  long  without  a  curl;  or  short,  crooked  or  stubby;  or 
too  small,  fine,  even,  not  tapering. 


38  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

COAT. — Fine,  straight,  smooth,  laying  close  to  and  covering  the  body  well ; 
not  clipped,  evenly  distributed  over  the  body. 

Objections. — Bristles,  hair  coarse,  harsh,  thin,  wavy  or  curly  ;  swirls ;  stand- 
ing up,  ends  of  hair  split  and  brown,  not  evenly  distributed  over  all  of  the 
body  except  the  belly.  Clipped  coats  should  be  cut  1.5  points. 

COLOR. — Black,  with  six  white  points — tip  of  tail,  four  white  feet  and  white 
in  face,  on  the  nose,  or  on  the  point  of  lower  jaw :  all  to  be  perceptible  without 
close  examination ;  splashes  of  white  on  the  jaw,  legs,  or  flank,  or  a  few  spots 
of  white  on  the  body  not  objectionable. 

Objections. — Solid  black,  white  mixed  or  sandy  spots.  Speckled  with  white 
hairs  over  the  body ;  mottled  face  or  white  and  black ;  hair  mixed,  making  a 
grizzly  appearance. 

SIZE. — Large  for  age.  Condition,  vigor,  and  vitality  to  be  considered.  There 
should  be  a  difference  between  breeding  animals  and  those  kept  or  fitted  for  the 
show  of  at  least  25  per  cent  in  size.  In  show  condition,  or  when  fat,  a  2-year- 
old  boar  should  not  weigh  less  than  600  pounds,  and  a  sow  not  less  than  500 
pounds.  Boar  1  year  and  over,  400  pounds ;  sow,  350  pounds.  Boar  18  months, 
500  pounds ;  sow,  450  pounds.  Boars  and  sows  6  months  old,  not  less  than  160 
pounds.  All  hogs  in  just  fair  breeding  condition,  one-fourth  less  for  size.  The 
keeping  and  chance  that  a  young  hog  has  cuts  quite  a  figure  in  his  size  and 
should  be  considered,  other  points  being  equal.  Fine  quality  and  size  combined 
are  desirable. 

Objections. — Overgrown,  coarse,  flabby,  loose  appearance ;  gangling,  hard  to 
fatten :  too  fine,  undersize ;  short,  stubby,  inclined  to  chubby  fatness.  Not  a 
hardy,  robust  animal. 

ACTION  AND  STYLE. — Action  vigorous,  easy,  and  graceful.  Style  attractive, 
high  carriage ;  and  in  males  testicles  should  be  prominent  and  of  about  the  same 
size,  and  yet  not  too  large  and  pouchy. 

Objections. — Clumsy,  slow,  awkward  movement ;  low  carriage ;  waddling  or 
twisting  walk ;  a  seeming  tired  or  lazy  appearance ;  not  standing  erect  and 
firm. 

CONDITION. — Healthy,  skin  clear  of  scurf,  scales,  and  sores ;  soft  and  mellow 
to  the  touch ;  flesh  fine,  evenly  laid  on,  and  free  from  lumps  and  wrinkles ; 
hair  soft  and  lying  close  to  the  body  ;  good  feeding  qualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy ;  skin  scaly,  wrinkled,  scabby,  or  harsh  :  flabbiness 
or  lumpy  flesh;  too  much  fat  for  breeding;  hair  harsh,  dry,  and  standing  up 
from  body  ;  poor  feeders  ;  deafness,  partial  or  total. 

DISPOSITION. — Lively,  easily  handled,  and  seemingly  kind  and  responsive  to 
good  treatment. 

Objections. — Cross,  sluggish,  restless,  wild,  or  of  a  vicious  turn. 

SYMMETRY  OR  ADAPTATION  OF  POINTS. — The  adaptation  of  all  the  points,  size, 
and  style  combined  to  make  the  desired  type  or  model. 

TAMWORTH. 

Standard  of  excellence  adopted  by  the  American  Tamworth  Sivine  Record 

Association. 

COLOR. — Golden-red  hair  on  a  flesh-colored  skin,  free  from  black. 

HEAD. — Fairly  long;  snout  moderately  long  and  quite  straight;  face  slightly 
•dished,  wide  between  ears. 

EARS.— Rather  large,  with  fine  fringe,  carried  rigid  and  inclined  slightly 
forward. 

NECK. — Fairly  long  and  muscular,  especially  in  boar. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  39 

CHEST. — Wide  and  deep. 

SHOULDERS. — Fine,  slanting,  and  well  set. 

LEGS.— Strong  and  sbai>ely,  with  plenty  of  bone,  and  set  well  outside  body. 

PASTERNS. — Strong  and  sloping. 

FEET. — Strong,  and  of  fair  size. 

BACK. — Long  and  straight. 

LOIN. — Strong  and  broad. 

TAIL. — Set  on  high  and  well  tasseled. 

SIDES. — Long  and  deep. 

RIBS. — Well  sprung  and  extending  well  up  to  Sunk. 

BELLY. — Deep,  with  straight  underline. 

FLANK. — Full  and  well  let  down. 

QUARTERS. — Long,  wide,  and  straight  from  hip  to  tail. 

HAMS. — Broad  and  full,  well  let  down  to  hocks. 

COAT. — Abundant,  long,  straight,  and  fine. 

ACTION. — Firm  and  free. 

Objections. — Black  hair,  very  light  or  ginger  hair,  curly  coat,  coarse  mano, 
black  spots  on  skin,  slouch  or  drooping  ears,  short  or  turned-up  snout,  heavy 
shoulders,  wrinkled  skin,  inbent  knees,  hollowness  at  back  of  shoulders. 

YORKSHIRE,    LARGE. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Yorkshire  Club. 

Points. 

GENERAL  OUTLINE. — Long  and  deep  in  proportion  to  width,  but  not  mas- 
sive; slightly  arched  in  the  back,  symmetrical,  and  smooth,  with  Inxly 
firmly  supported  by  well-placed  legs  of  medium  length. _  5 

OUTLINE  OF  HEAD. — Moderate  in  length  and  size,  with  lower  jaw  well 
sprung,  and  considerable  dish  toward  snout,  increasing  with  advancing 

maturity 4 

FOREHEAD  AND  POLL. — Wide 1 

EYE. — Medium  size,  clear,  and  bright 1 

JOWL. — Medium,  not  carried  too  far  back  toward  neck,  and  not  flabby 1 

SNOUT. — Turning  upward  with  a  short  curve,  increasing  with  age 1 

EAR. — Medium  in  size,  standing  well  out  from  the  head,  of  medium  erec- 
tion, and  inclining  slightly  forward 1 

NECK. — Of  medium  length,  fair  width  and  depth,  rising  gradually  from 
poll  to  withers,  muscular,  but  not  gross,  evenly  connecting  head  with 

body 3 

OUTLINE  OF  BODY. — Long.  deep,  and  of  medium  breadth,  equally  wide  at 

shoulder,  side,  and  hams;  top  line  slightly  arched,  underline  straight--  7 

BACK. — Moderately  broad,  even  in  width  from  end  to  end:  strong  in  loin. 

short  ribs  of  good  length 10 

SHOULDERS. — Large,  but  not  massive,  not  open-above 6 

ARM  AND  THIGH. — Broad  and  of  medium  length  and  development.-  2 

BRISKET. — Wide  and  on  a  level  with  underline 3 

SIDE. — Long,  deep,  straight,  and  even  from  shoulder  to  hip S 

RIBS. — Well  arched  and  deep 5 

HEART  GIRTH  AND  FLANK  GIRTH. — Good  and  alnmt  equal  1 8 

HIND  QUARTERS. — Long  to  correspond  with  shoulder  and  side,  deep  with 

moderate  and  gradual  droop  to  tail 5 

HAM. — Large,  well  let  down  on  thigh  and  twist,  and  rear  outline  some- 
what rounded 10 

TWIST. — Well  down  and  meaty 1 


40  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

Points. 

TAIL. — Medium,  not  much  inclined  to  curl 1 

LEGS. — Medium  in  length,  strong,  not  coarse,  but  standing  straight  and 

firm  5 

HAIR. — Abundant,  long,  of  medium  fineness,  without  any  bristles 4 

SKIN. — Smooth  and  white,  without  scales,  but  dark  spots  in  skin  do  not 

disqualify 2 

COLOR. — White  on  every  part 1 

MOVEMENT. — Active,  but  not  restless 5 

Total 100 

YORKSHIRE,    SMALL. 

Score  card  adopted  by  Ilie  American   Yorkshire  Club. 

Points. 
GENERAL  OUTLINE. — Wide  and  deep  in  proportion  to  the  length,  straight 

above  and  below,  and  short  iii  head,  neck,  body,  and  limbs 5 

OUTLINE  OF  HEAD. — Short,  abrupt,  inclining  to  fine,  and  possessed  of  much 

dish  and  downward  spring  under  the  jaws 4 

FOREHEAD  AND  POLL. — Wide 1 

EYE. — Medium  size,  clear  and  bright 1 

JOWL. — Large,  smooth,  and  carried  well  back  toward  the  neck 1 

SNOUT. — Short,  turning  upward  somewhat,  with  a  deep  indenture  or  curve 

immediately  above  it  1 

EAR. — Small,    thin,    erect,    and    inclining    slightly    forward    rather    than 

backward  at  the  tips 1 

NECK. — Short,  wide,  and  deep,  the  width  slightly  increasing  toward  the 

shoulders    3 

OUTLINE  OF  BODY. — Short,  broad,  deep,  and  straight  above,  below,  and  on 

the  sides - 7 

BACK. — Very  broad,  of  even  width,  and  straight  from  withers  to  tail  head.         10 
SHOULDER. — Large,    smoothly    and    evenly    developed,    and   blending   per- 
fectly with  neck  and  crops G 

ARM  AND  THIGH. — Moderately  wide,  tapering  nicely  down,  and  inclining 

to  short  2 

BRISKET. — Wide  and  on  level  with  underline : ' 3 

SIDE. — Deep,  thick  in  every  part,  straight  and  even  from  shoulder  to  hip 8 

RIBS. — Widely  and  deeply  sprung 5 

HEART  AND  FLANK  GIRTH. — Excellent  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  body 

and  about  equal _ 8 

HINDQUARTERS. — Relatively  long,  broad  in  every  part  and  deep,  with  but 

little  lowering  toward  the  tail  head 5 

HAM. — Large,  well  let  down  at  thigh  and  twist,  and  inclined  to  straight 

behind . 10 

TWIST. — Well  down  and  full 1 

TAIL. — Fine,  short,  and  inclined  to  curl 1 

LEGS. — Short,  fine  rather  than  coarse,  strong,  straight,  and  placed  well 

apart  5 

HAIR. — Abundant,  fine,  even  in  quality 

SKIN. — Smooth  and  white  and  free  from  creases  and  scales 2 

COLOR. — White  on  every  part 1 

MOVEMENT. — Gentle  and  easy,  but  not  sluggish 5 


Total  _  100 


1.  Muzzle. 

2.  Mouth. 

3.  Nostril. 

4.  Lips. 

5.  Nose. 

8.  Eye. 

9.  Ear. 


THE    SCOHE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING. 
SHEEP. 


41 


(7.. 


^ 

I        '    i«i    •    V     V5, 

//  /    »/ '     .  \       v.  M. 


PIG.  6.— Points  of  the  sheep,  side  view. 

10.  Neck.  16.  Brisket,  or  breast.    24.  Hind  flank. 

11.  Neck  vein,  or  shoul-  17.  Top  line.  25.  Underline. 

dervein.  18.  Crops.  28.  Hip. 

12.  Top  of  shoulder.          19.  Ribs.  27.  Rump. 

13.  Shoulder.  551.  Fore  flank.  an.  Thigh,  or  leg  of  mnt- 

14.  Arm.  22.  Back.  ton. 

15.  Shanks.  23.  Loin. 


6.  Face. 

7.  Forehead. 


FIG.  7.— Points  of  the  sheep,  front  and  rear  views. 


16.  Brisket,  or  breast.         28.  Pin  bones.  31.  Twist. 

20.  Girth,  or  heart  girth.     29.  Dock,  or  tail. 


42  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

CHEVIOT. 

Score  card  adopted   by  the  American   Cheviot  Sheep  Society. 

Points. 

GENERAL  CONFORMATION  AND  QUALITY. — Deep  and  full  of  breast  and  large 
through  chest.  Back  wide  and  straight,  with  well-sprung,  deep  ribs; 
legs  well  placed  and  leg  of  mutton  full  and  thick.  Body  well  fleshed ; 
skin  pink,  with  no  blue  or  dark  coloring;  fleece  compact  and  medium 
fine ;  bone  strong  and  fine ;  general  appearance  graceful,  symmetrical, 
active 20 

SIZE. — In  good  flesh  when  fully  matured.  At  24  months  old  ram  should 
weigh  not  less  than  225  pounds,  and  ewes  150  pounds 10 

HEAD. — Should  be  medium  short  and  broad,  with  ample  breadth  between 
the  eyes.  Ears  should  be  of  medium  length  and  usually  erect  when  at 
repose.  Head  covered  with  clear  white  hairs,  extending  from  nostrils 
to  back  of  poll.  Ridge  of  head  from  eyes  to  nostrils  straight  or  slightly 
arched  witfi  females  and  more  strongly  arched  or  Roman  with  rams. 
Color  of  nose,  black 15 

BODY. — Well  proportioned,  having  notable  depth,  with  thickness  on  top 
and  at  flanks.  Loins  should  be  very  broad  and  thick ;  shoulders  should 
set  well  back,  and  be  smoothly  covered,  and  crops  be  full  and  well 
arched.  The  rump  should  be  long,  broad,  and  level 20 

LEGS. — Should  be  short,  well  set  apart,  and  be  covered  with  clean  white 
hair,  with  no  wool  below  hocks  or  knees.  The  hind  legs  should  be  flat 
and  deep  below  hocks.  Pasterns  should  be  strong  and  not  show  weak- 
ness, supporting  the  body  well 10 

FEET. — Symmetrical,  squarely  placed  when  in  repose  and  black  in  color 5 

FLEECE. — Should  cover  the  body  completely  to  behind  the  poll  and  ears 
and  down  to  knees  and  hocks.  Under  part  of  the  body  should  be  well 
covered.  On  mature  animals  should  be  3  inches  long  for  annual  growth 
and  be  compact  and  of  medium  wool  class.  Rams  should  shear  at  least 
12  i>ounds  and  ewes  8  when  in  mature  form  to  be  desirable  representa- 
tives of  the  breed--  20 


Total 100 

OBJECTIONS. 

Scars  on  the  head,  black  spots  on  the  head,  flesh-colored  or  spotted  skin 
about  the  nostrils,  hair  about  the  thighs  or  kemp  on  the  body,  reddish  hair  on 
head  or  legs  of  ewes.  Lack  of  wool  on  under  part  of  body. 

DISQUALIFICATION. 

All  male  lambs  dropped  after  January  1,  1905,  shall  be  ineligible  for  regis- 
tration if  without  a  true  polled  head  or  if  possessing  distinctive  sandy  or  red 
hair  on  head  or  legs.  Persons  applying  for  the  registration  of  males  dropped 
after  the  above  date  must  certify  that  the  rams  registered  conform  to  this  rule. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  43 

COTSWOLI). 
Score  curd  adopted  by  Hie  American  (Jotmrold  Regixtry  Axxociation. 

RAM. 

Points. 
HEAD. — Not  too  fine,  moderately  small,  and  broad  l>etween  the  eyes  and 

nostrils,  hut  without  a  short,  thick  ap|»earance.  and  in  young  animals 

well  covered  on  crown  with  long,  lustrous  \vool__  s 

FACE. — Either  white  or  slightly  mixed  with  gray,  or  white  dappled  with 

brown   4 

NOSTRILS. — Wide  and  expanded;  nose  dark__  1 

EYES. — Prominent,  but  mild  looking-.  '2 

EARS. — Broad,  long,  moderately  thin,  and  covered  with  short  hair__  4 

COLLAR. — Full  from  breast  and  shoulders,  tapering  gradually  all  the  way 

to  where  the  neck  and  head  join.     The  neck  should  l»e  short,  thick,  and 

strong,  indicating  constitutional  vigor,  and  free  from  coarse  and  loos<> 

skin  (• 

SHOULDERS. — Broad  and  full,  and  at  the  same  time  join  so  gradually  to  the 

collar  forward  and  chine  backward  as  not  to  leave  the  least  hollow  in 

either   place 

FORE  LEGS. — The  mutton  on  the  arm  or  fore  thigh  should  come  quite  to  the 

knee.     Leg  upright,  with  heavy  bone,  being  clear  from  superfluous  skin. 

with  wool  to  fetlock,  and  may  be  mixed  with  gray__  4 

BREAST. — Broad  and  well  forward,  keeping  the  legs  wide  apart:  girth  of 

chest,  full  and  deep 10 

FOREFLANK. — Quite  full,  not  showing  hollow  behind  the  shoulder.- 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Broad,   flat,   and  straight,   from   which  the  ribs   must 

spring  with  a  fine  circular  arch 1- 

BELLY. — Straight  on  underline 

QUARTERS. — Long  and  full,  with  mutton  quite  down  to  the  hock__ 

HOCK. — Should  stand  neither  in  nor  out__ 

TWIST  OR  JUNCTION  INSIDE  THE  THIGHS. — Deep.  wide,  and  full,  which,  with 

a  broad  breast,  will  keep  the  legs  oj)en  and  upright--  "» 

FLEECE. — The  whole  body  should  be  covered  with  long,  lustrous  \vool__  IS 


Total 

EWE. 

I'olnts. 

HEAD.— Moderately  fine,  broad  between  the  eyes  and  nostrils,  but  without 
a  short,  thick  appearance,  and  well  covered  on  crown  with  long,  lustrous 
wool  

FACE. — Either  white  or  slightly  mixed  with  gray,  or  white  dappled  with 
brown 

NOSTRILS. — Wide  and  expanded;    nose,  dark   . 

EYES. — Prominent,  but  mild  looking.  _ 

EARS.— Broad,  long,  moderately  thin,  and  covered  with  short  hair..  4 

COLLAR.— Full  from  breast  and  shoulders,  taj>ering  gradually  all  the  way 
to  where  the  neck  and  head  join.  The  neck  should  IH>  fine  and  graceful, 
and  free  from  coarse  and  loose  skin--  ;> 


44  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

Points. 
SHOULDERS. — Broad  and  full,  and  at  the  same  time  join  so  gradually  to 

the  collar  forward  and  chine  backward  as  not  to  leave  the  least  hollow 

in  either  place 8 

FORE  LEGS. — The  mutton  on  the  arm  or  forethigh  should  come  quite  to  the 

knee;    leg  upright  with  heavy  hone,  being  clear  from  sui>ert1ous  skin, 

with  wool  to  fetlock,  and  may  be  mixed  with  gray__  4 

BREAST. — Broad  and  well  forward,  keeping  the  legs  wide  apart;  girth  or 

chest  full  and  deep 10 

FOREFLANK. — Quite  full,  not  showing  hollow  behind  the  shoulder 4 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Broad,  flat,  and  straight,  from  which  the  ribs  must 

spring  with  a  fine  circular  arch__  12 

BELLY. — Straight  on  underline__  5 

QUARTERS. — Long  and  full,  with  mutton  quite  down  to  the  hock__  8 

HOCK. — Should  stand  neither  in  nor  out__  2 

TWIST,  OR  JUNCTION  INSIDE  THE  THIGHS. — Deep,  wide,  and  full,  which, 

with  a  broad  breast,  will  keep  the  legs  open  and  upright 5 

FLEECE. — The  whole  body  should  be  covered  with  long,  lustrous  \vool__  18 


Total  _  100 

DORSET  IIORX. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  Continental  Dorset  Clul). 

Points. 
HEAD. — Neat,  face  white,  nostrils  large;  well  covered  on  crown  and  under 

jaws  with  wool 5 

HORNS. — Small  and  gracefully  curved  forward  rather  close  to  jaw 5 

EYES. — Prominent  and  bright 2 

EARS. — Medium  size,  covered  with  short  white  hair 2 

NECK. — Short,  symmetrical,  strongly  set  on  shoulders,  gradually  tapering 

to  junction  of  head 5 

SHOULDERS. — Broad  and  full,  joining  neck  forward  and  chine  backward, 

with  no  depression  at  either  point  (important) 15 

BRISKET. — Wide  and  full  forward,  chest  full  and  deep 8 

FOREFLANK. — Quite  full,  showing  little  depression  behind  shoulder 8 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Wide  and  straight,  from  which  ribs  should  spring  with 

a  fine  circular  arch 10 

QUARTERS. — Wide  and  full,  with  mutton  extending  down  to  hocks 10 

BELLY. — Straight  on  underline 3 

FLEECE. — Medium  grade,  of  even  quality,  presenting  a  smooth  surface,  and 

extending  over  belly  and  well  down  on  legs 12 

GENERAL   CONFORMATION. — Of   the   mutton    type,    body    moderately    long; 

short,  stout  legs,  placed  squarely  under  body;  skin  pink;  appearance 

attractive  __  15 


Total  _.  100 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  45 

HAMPSHIRE    DOWN. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  Hatniwliirr.  Doicn  Itrecderx'  Association  of  America. 

DESCRIPTION. 

HEAD. — Moderately  large,  but  not  coarse;  well  covered  with  wool  on  forehead 
and  cheeks. 

NOSTRILS. — Wide. 

COLOB  (head  and  legs). — Dark  brown  or  black. 

EYES. — Prominent  and  lustrous. 

EARS.— Moderately  long  and  thin,  and  dark-brown  or  black  color. 

LEGS. — Well  under  outside  of  body,  straight,  with  good  si/e  of  (tone,  black. 

NECK. — A  regular  taper  from  shoulders  to  head,  without  any  hollow  in  front 
of  shoulders,  set  high  up  on  body. 

SHOULDERS.— Sloping,  full,  and  not  higher  than  the  line  of  back  and  neck. 

CHEST. — Deep  and  full  in  the  heart  place,  with  breast  prominent  and  full. 

BACK. — Straight,  with  full  spring  of  rib. 

LOIN. — Wide  and  straight,  without  depression  in  front  of  hips. 

QUARTERS. — Long  from  hips  to  rump,  without  sloping,  and  deep  in  thigh. 
Broad  in  hips  and  ruinp,  with  full  hams.  Inside  of  thigh  full. 

SCALE   OF   POINTS. 

Points. 

HEAD. — Size  and  shape,  5;  ears  and  eyes,  .'{ ;  color,  5;  legs  and  feet,  2__  15 
NECK,    SHOULDERS,    AND    BREAST. — Neck,    5;    shoulders,     1O;    chest    and 

breast,  15 ______  30 

BODY. — Back  and  loins,  l,r>;    rib,  5__  20 

QUARTERS. — Length,  10  ;   width,  10;  twist,  5__  25 

WOOL. — Forehead  and  cheeks,  2;   belly,  well  covered,  3  ;   quality,  5__  10 


Total    -  100 

LINCOLN. 

Score  card  adopted  l>y  the  National  Lincoln  Sheep  Rrccdcrx'  Association. 

Points. 
CONSTITUTION. — Body  deep;  back   wide   and   straight:  wide  and   full    in 

the  thigh;  bright,  large  eyes;  skin  soft  and  of  a  pink  color. _  2r> 

SIZE. — Matured  rams  not  less  than  250  pounds  when  in  good  condition. 

Matured  ewes  not  less  than  200  pounds__  10 

APPEARANCE. — Good  carriage  and  symmetry  of   form..  10 

BODY. — Well  proportioned,  good  bone  and  length ;  broad  hind  quarters ; 

legs  standing  well  apart ;  breast  wide  and  deep..  15 

HEAD. — Should  be  covered  with  wool  to  the  ears;  tuft  on  forehead;  eyes 

expressive;  ears  fair  length;  dotted  or  mottled  in  color. _  10 

NECK. — Medium  length;  good  muscle:  well  set  on  body..  5 

LEGS. — Broad   and   set   well    apart :  good   shape :  color   white,    but   some 

black  spots  do  not  disqualify;'  wooled  to  the  k net's 10 

FLEECE. — Of  even  length  and  quality  over  body  ;  not  less  than  eight  inches 

long  for  one  year's  growth. _  10 

QUALITY   OF   WOOL. — Rather   fine,    long   wool ;  strong,    lustrous   fiber ;  no 

tendency  to  cot ~> 

Total  _  HH> 


46 


BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 


MERINO,   DELAINE. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  Improved  Delaine  Merino  Sheep  Breeders' 

Association. 

Points. 
CONSTITUTION 33i 

SIZE. — Heavy  set  and  deep  through  the  heart 33$ 

FLEECE. — Fine,  crimpy,  white,  bulky,  and  long 33^ 


Total 


100 


Short,  thick  neck 

Broad,  short  nose 

Small,  sharp  foot 

Straight,  broad  back 

Good,  plump  quarters 

Legs  straight  and  wide  apart 

Covering  of  head  and  legs 

Fleece,  outer  covering  dark   (not  black) 

Flow  of  white  oil  (not  in  excess) 

Head  up,  with  spirited  nature 


12 

8 
15 
14 
15 


Total 


100 


To  entitle  a  sheep  for  registration  in  the  above  association  it  must  scale  75 
points,  both  in  main  and  minor  points. 

Standard  weights. — Rams,  150  pounds ;  ewes,  100  pounds. 

Score  card  adopted  l>y  the  National  Delaine  Merino  Sheep  Breeders'  Association. 


Points,   i 

Constitution 10 

Heavy  around  the  heart 6 

Short,  heavy  neck 6 

Good  dewlap 5 

Broad  back 8 

Well-sprung  ribs 5 

Short  legs 6 

Heavy  bone 8 

Small,  sharp  foot 10 


Points. 
Length    of    staple,    one    year,     3 

inches 8 

Density  of  fleece 8 

Darkish  cast  on  top 5 

Opening  up  white 5 

Good  flow  of  white  oil 5 

Good  crimp  in  staple 5 


Total—  _  100 


Weight  of  rams  at  maturity  not  less  than  150  pounds. 
Weight  of  ewes  at  maturity  not  less  than  100  pounds. 


Score  card  adopted  by  the  Dickinson  Spanish  Merino  Sheep  Breeders'  Asso- 
ciation. 

Standard  of  breeding.  Purity  of  blood.  Tracing  their  descent  to  the  flock 
of  James  McDowell,  of  Canton,  Stark  County,  Ohio  (without  admixture  of 
impure  blood),  which  flock  descends  directly  from  the  flock  of  W.  R.  Dickinson, 
of  Ohio,  which  were  purely  bred  from  Merino  sheep  imported  from  Spain  to 
the  United  States  by  Col.  David  Humphreys,  of  Derby,  New  Haven  County, 
Conn.,  in  the  year  1802. 


THE   SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  47 

BODY. 

Points. 

Deep,  round,  wide,  and  long,  showing  mutton  capacity,  good  feeding,  and 
thriving  qualities;  heavy,  thick  flesh ;  straight,  under,  and  top  lines  well 
proportioned,  filling  every  part  of  its  skin  when  fully  matured. 
SKIN. — Thick,  soft,  not  raised  in  corrugations,  pink-red__  4 

HEAD. — Small,  carried  high.     Quiet  placid  eye 4 

NOSE. — White,  not  mottled;  covered  with  fine,  soft,  white  hair;  wide  and 

slightly    arched 3 

EARS. — Short,  thick  ;  covered  with  fine,  glossy  hair__  3 

HORNS.— Small,   neatly   curved,   light-yellow   color;    better   without   any 

horns : 3 

NECK. — Short;  arched  in  under  and  on  top;  the  base  very  strong. _  4 

SHOULDERS. — Wide,  deep,  rounded;  breastbone  projecting  forward  of  front 

limbs f> 

BACK. — Straight,  wide;  ribs  extending  out  horizontal  from  spinal  column, 

rounding  in  line  with  shoulders,  extending  close  back  to  hips 8 

LOINS. — Strong,   wide  _.  3 

HIPS. — Wide,   long 3 

THIGHS. — Wide;  thick  flesh  extending  close  down  to  hock  joints__  4 

LIMBS. — Short;  bone  heavy;  joints  smooth  and  flat;  their  contour  to 
show  perpendicular  lines  from  elbow  and  stifle  joints  to  center  of  hoofs 
and  from  base  of  tail  to  center  of  a  straight  line  drawn  horizontally 

from  caps  of  hock  joints  when  standing  erect  on  limbs 5 

HOOFS. — Deep,  thin;  white  texture;  tough  and  elastic —  4 

Size  of  full-grown  rams,  200,  and  ewes,  150  pounds 5 

INTERNAL   ORGANS. — Strong 4 

Mature  early,  2£  years 3 

FLEECE. 

Smooth,  even,  dense,  soft  to  the  touch 6 

Staple  3  to  5  inches,  fibers  glossy,  crimped 4 

Quality  XX,  XXX,  or  above,  fine  delaine  combing--  6 

Quantity — Rams,  15  to  25  pounds;  ewes,  10  to  15  pounds,  unwashed  \vool_  6 

Covering  entire  body  with  even  length  and  grade  of  wool,  except  parts 

injuring  thrift  and  comfort  of  sheep:  entirely  free  from  gum  and  hair-- 
Oil very  fluid;  white  or  nearly  so;  enough  to  preserve  the  wool  raising  to 

outer  ends  of  fibers..  5 


Total 100 

MERINO,    SPANISH. 

Description  adopted  by  the  Michigan  Merino  Sheep  Breeders'  Association. 

RAM. 

WEIGHT.— In  full  fleece.  1(>0  to  185  pounds. 

FEET. — Sound,  level,  free  from  thickness  or  elongated  toes. 

LEGS. — Straight,  heavy,  well  covered,  and  wide  apart. 

HEAD. — Densely  covered  for  not  less  than  1  inch  below  the  eyes ;  wide  between 
the  eyes  and  ears;  horns  heavy,  uniform,  fine  grained,  with  first  turn  U  inches 
from  jaw;  ears  medium  length,  thick,  velvety,  free  from  tan  marks;  eyes  large. 


48  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 

spirited,  and  expressive;  nose  prominent,  velvety,  wrinkled,  with  wide  nostrils, 
and  free  from  specks ;  lips  even  and  well  closed. 

NECK. — Thick,  medium  length,  heavily  folded  with  pliable  skin. 

SHOULDERS. — Deep  and  rising  1  to  2  inches  above  level  of  back. 

BACK. — Level,  broad,  and  well  supported  by  shoulders  and  hips. 

RIBS. — Well  sprung  and  extending  near  to  hip  bone. 

BRISKET. — Deep,  and  extending  well  forward. 

HIPS. — Slightly  sloping  and  arch  shaped. 

FLANK. — Deep,  with  heavy  folds. 

FLEECE. — Very  dense,  fine,  evenly  crimped  its  entire  length,  and  the  nearer 
uniform  on  every  part  of  the  body,  including  folds  and  extremities,  the  better. 
Staple,  2i  to  3  inches  in  length,  measured  on  sheep  at  one  year's  growth.  Oil 
free,  buff  in  color,  and  evenly  distributed.  Weight  from  25  to  35  pounds. 

FOLDS  AND  WBINKLES. — Heavy  on  neck  and  medium  about  flank  and  tail ;  one 
or  two  folds  back  of  fore  legs,  and  one  or  two  back  of  hind  legs,  with  more  or 
less  on  hip  and  belly. 

EWE. 

FEET. — Same  as  in  ram. 

LEGS. — Same  as  in  ram. 

HEAD. — Ears,  eyes,  nose,  and  lips  same  as  in  ram,  but  more  feminine  in  char- 
acter, with  no  semblance  of  horns. 

NECK. — Thinner  and  apparently  longer  than  in  ram. 

SHOULDERS. — Thinner  than  in  the  ram,  with  less  rise  from  back  and  rounder  on 
top. 

BACK,  BRISKET,  RIBS,  AND  HIPS. — Same  as  ram,  with  more  space  between  ribs 
and  hips. 

FLANK. — Same  as  rams,  with  less  folds. 

FLEECE. — Very  dense,  finer  in  crimp  and  fiber  than  in  the  ram,  with  same  uni- 
formity. Oil  free,  buff,  lighter  in  color  and  less  in  quantity  than  the  ram,  and 
evenly  distributed.  Length  of  staple,  2^  to  3$  inches.  Weight  of  fleece,  15  to 
20  pounds  at  one  year's  growth. 

FOLDS. — Less  prominent  than  in  the  ram,  and  not  advisable  on  sides  or  back. 

Both  ram  and  ewe  should  be  straight  on  back,  stand  square  on  feet,  and  move 
with  grace  and  ease. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  Standard  American  Merino  Sheep  Breeders' 

Association. 

[Vol.   Ill,  Register  of  the  Standard  American  Merino  Sheep  Breeders'  Association.] 

CONSTITUTION,    15    POINTS. 

Points. 

Bone    5 

Physical  development  and  general  appearance 10 

FORM,  40  POINTS. 

A  broad  head,  broad,  wrinkly  nose  and  face,  covered  with  a  soft,  velvety 

coat   5 

Short,  broad,  muscular  neck,  well  set  on  shoulders 5 

Massiveness  of  shoulder,  as  to  depth  and  breadth 5 

Level,  straight  back  and  rotundity  of  rib 5 

Breadth  and  length  of  hips 5 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  49 

Points. 

Straight  fore  legs,  well  set  apart 3 

Straight  hind  legs,  and  set  so  as  to  give  a  perpendicular  api>earance  to 

hind  parts 5 

Soft,  thick,  velvety  ear 

Pure  white  nose,  ears,  and  hoofs.  _  5 

WRINKLES,    15   POINTS. 

Heavy,  pendulous  neck 5 

Across  arm  and  point  of  shoulder  on  side  and  running  well  under..  5 

Tail,  hip  folds,  and  flank. _  5 

MODIFIED   FOB   DELAINE   BAM    YIELDING   A   STAPLE  OF   2?    INCHES   AND   UPWARD. 

A  deep  gullet  and  heavy  cross  at  brisket..  5 

Heavy  flank  with  fold  extending  upward  on  side  and  hack  of  shoulder 5 

Heavy  tail 5 

DENSITY    OF    FLEECE,    15    POINTS. 

On   neck 3 

On  back 3 

On  side 3 

On  hip  and  extending  to  flank 3 

On  belly 3 

COVEBINO,    15    POINTS. 

Crown  of  head  or  cap 3 

Cheek 2 

Fore  leg 2 

Armpit    2 

Hind    leg . 2 

Inside  of  flank 3 

Connection  between  tag  wool  and  belly 1 


Total  100 

Fiber  to  be  indicated  as  "  tine,"  "  medium,"  and  "  coarse ;  "  oil  as  "  buff  "  and 
"  white." 

OXFORD   DOWN. 
Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Oxford  Down  Record  Association. 

Points. 
Breed    type 30 

Constitution    -5 

Mutton  form  and  quality __  30 

Wool    _  15 

Total   _  100 


50  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

BREED    TYPE    OF    ANIMALS. 

Points. 

Form  of  a  good  general  appearance,  made  by  a  well-balanced  conforma- 
tion, free  from  coarseness  in  any  part,  and  showing  good  style,  both  at 
rest  and  in  motion ' 15 

Head  of  moderate  length  and  width  between  the  ears  and  between  the 
eyes,  and  well  covered  with  wool  over  poll  and  down  to  the  eyes.  Color 
of  face  an  even  dark-gray  or  brown,  either  with  or  without  gray  spot 
on  tip  of  nose 0 

When  fully  matured  and  in  good  condition,  rams  should  weigh  250  to  350 
pounds;  ewes,  180  to  275  pounds 5 

Ears  medium  size,  not  too  thick,  and  of  an  even  brown  or  dark -gray  color.  2 

Legs  short,  strong  in  bone,  flat,  and  of  even  dark-gray  or  brown  color, 
placed  squarely  under  the  body  and  well  apart 2 

CONSTITUTION. 

Large  around  the  heart  and  wide  and  full  in  the  chest 10 

The  movement  must  be  bold  and  vigorous 5 

Eyes  bold,  prominent,  and  bright 1 

Skin  bright  pink  in  color 3 

Jseck  strong  and  muscular  in  rams  and  well  set  on  in  both  sexes 3 

MUTTON    FORM    AND    QUALITY. 

Wide  and  straight  on  top  of  shoulders,  back,  loin,  and  rump,  from  base 

of  neck  to  tail 15 

Full  shoulders  and  thighs,  well  meated  both  inside  and  outside 5 

Flanks  well  filled  and  strong,  so  as  to  make  the  lower  lines  of  the  body  as 

straight  as  possible,  and  side  lines  straight  or  rather  full 4 

The  whole  carcass  evenly  covered  with  good,  well-marbled  meat 6 

WOOL. 

Fleece  of  moderate  length,  close  and  of  even  quality,  covering  the  whole 

carcass  well,  and  free  from  black  patches  upon  the  body,  neck,  or  head.         15 

Total 100 

RAMBOUILLET. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  International  Von  Homeyer  RambouiUet  Club. 

STANDARD    OF    TYPE. 

A  summary  of  the  standard  of  type  falls  under  two  general  heads — fleece. 
to  which  we  give  half  the  value  of  i>oints,  namely,  50,  and  form,  which  takes 
the  other  50  points. 

RAM. 


Fleece,  including  covering,  50. 

Fleece  very  dense,  fine,  evenly  crimped  the  whole  length,  and  uniform  in 
fineness ;  crimp,  density,  and  length  all  over  the  body,  folds,  and  extremities, 
with  no  jar  or  coarse  hair. 


THE  SCORE  CARD  IN  STOCK  BREEDING.  51 

Length  of  staple,  2J  to  3£  inches,  measured  on  the  sheep  at  one  year's  growth. 
Oil  free,  light  buff  in  color,  evenly  distributed,  and  of  sufficient  amount  to  give 
a  naturally  dark  color  to  the  surface  of  the  fleece.  Weight,  20  to  30  pounds. 

Covering  to  the  hoofs  all  the  way  around  on  lK>th  fore  and  hind  legs,  extend- 
ing on  the  inside  of  the  forelegs  to  at  least  3  inches  above  the  knee  joint,  with 
thick,  dark-surfaced  wool;  on  the  inside  of  the  hind  leg,  up  into  the  groin,  to 
within  at  least  4  inches  of  the  line  of  the  belly  wool ;  on  the  head  with  dense 
wool  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  ear  down  over  the  top  of  the  nose  to  within 
3  inches  of  the  nasal  septum,  and  on  the  sides  of  the  face  down  at  least  4  inches 
below  the  corner  of  the  eye. 

SCALE  FOK  FLEECE. 

Quality,  10. 
Density,  6. 
Lubrication,  5. 
Length,  5. 
Crimp,  4. 

Evenness  of  quality,  density,  lubrication,  length,  and  crimp  and  freedom  from 
jar  hair,  8. 
Covering,  12. 

FORM. 

Form,  50,  subdivided  as  follows : 

General  appearance  and  typical  character,  5.  Strongly  masculine,  head 
erect ;•  general  appearance  alert,  active,  and  attractive:  movements  easy  and 
naturally  graceful,  with -symmetrical  form. 

Constitution,  9£.  Indicated  by  a  deep  chest,  long  rib  well  arched,  giving 
heart  and  lung  room,  with  great  digestive  capacity. 

Weight,  9i.     In  full  fleece,  200  to  2HO  pounds  at  maturity. 

Head,  5.  Short  and  broad,  wide  between  the  eyes;  horns  heavy,  uniform,  with 
first  turn  2  inches  from  side  of  face;  spiral  short,  avoiding  a  wide-spreading, 
sprangly  appearance ;  ears  thick,  moderately  large,  and  slightly  drooping,  and 
covered  to  the  tip  with  a  dense,  velvety  wool;  eyes  large  and  prominent;  nose 
broad  and  thick,  with  a  large  wrinkle  at  either  side,  just  al>ove  the  nostrils; 
uncovered  portions  soft  and  velvety;  no  chalk  hairs,  no  color  sjK)ts  of  any  sort, 
with  wide-spreading  nostrils;  jaws  of  even  length,  so  that  the  lips  close  evenly. 

Neck,  2.  Thick,  medium  length,  with  sufficient  upward  curve  to  bear  the  head 
well  erect. 

Shoulders,  3.  Deep  and  level  with  the  back  or  slightly  rising;  at  the  same 
time  they  should  be  broad  and  well  rounded. 

Back,  5.  Straight,  broad,  especially  across  the  loin,  and  strongly  coupled  to 
the  quarters. 

Hips,  3.  Deep  and  well  rounded,  nearly  straight  with  the  line  of  back  and 
well  let  down  in  the  twist,  with  heavy  flank  extending  well  forward  on  the  belly. 

Legs  and  feet.  5.  Legs  straight,  large  bone,  medium  length,  and  wide  apart. 
Feet  neatly  shaped,  thin  hoof,  with  no  tendency  to  clubfootedness.  well  set  under 
the  leg,  with  no  black  streaks  in  born  of  hoof. 

Folds,  3.  Around  the  neck  and  across  the  breast  distinct  and  symmetrical,  to 
give  style  and  masculine  appearance,  one  back  of  the  fore  leg.  and  a  small  rose 
at  the  tail  to  give  style  and  character  to  the  quarters. 


52  BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


Fleece  and  covering,  50.  Same  as  ram,  except  that  it  should  be  finer ;  weight, 
15  to  20  pounds. 

General  appearance  and  typical  character,  5.  Distinctly  feminine ;  otherwise 
same  as  ram. 

Constitution,  9£.     Same  as  ram. 

Weight,  9i.     In  full  fleece  100  to  200  pounds  for  mature  sheep. 

Head,  5.  No  semblance  of  horns ;  otherwise  same  as  ram,  but  feminine  in 
character. 

Neck,  2.  Medium  length,  slimmer  than  the  ram's  and  carrying  the  head  well 
erect. 

Shoulders,  3.     Same  as  ram,  but  not  rising  quite  so  high. 

Back,  5.     Same  as  ram. 

Hips,  3.     Same  as  ram. 

Legs  and  feet,  5.     Same  as  ram. 

Folds,  3.  One  or  two  distinct  and  symmetrically  arranged  around  the  neck, 
none  on  the  body,  but  a  small  rose  at  the  tail. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

Score  card  adopted  Ity  the  American  Shropshire  Registry  Association. 

Points. 

GENERAL  APPEARANCE. — Attractive,  indicating  breeding  and  quality,  with 

stylish  carriage  and  a  symmetrical  form  covered  with  a  dense  fleece 25 

CONSTITUTION. — Robust,  as  indicated  by  width  and  depth  of  chest,  strength, 

and  formation  of  neck,  and  by  bold  active  movement 10 

SIZE. — In  breeding  condition  when  fully  matured,  rams  should  weigh 
not  less  than  180  to  225  pounds  and  ewes  not  less  than  125  to  170 
pounds  10 

FLEECE  AND  SKIN. — Fleece  of  good  length,  dense,  elastic  to  touch,  medium 
fine,  free  from  black  fiber,  slightly  crimped,  with  evenness  of  texture 
throughout:  scrotum  of  rams  well  covered  with  wool.  Skin  light 
cherry  color,  free  from  dark  spots 15 

BODY. — Well  proportioned,  with  shoulders  well  placed,  fitting  smoothly 
upon  the  chest,  which  should  be  deep  and  wide,  broad  and  straight 
back,  thick  loins  well  covered  with  firm  flesh ;  hind  quarters  well  fin- 
ished; twist  deep  and  full 20 

HEAD  AND  NECK. — Head  short,  broad  between  the  ears  and  eyes,  bold  and 
masculine  in  rams,  without  horns,  well  covered  with  wool ;  ears  short 
and  erect,  eyes  bright,  color  of  face  and  ears  dark  brown.  Neck  of 
medium  length,  strong  and  muscular  (especially  in  rams),  symmetri- 
cally joined  to  head  and  shoulders 15 

LEGS. — Well  set  apart,  broad,  short,  straight,  color  dark  brown,  and  well 
wooled  ;  pastern  sti-ong  and  upright 5 


Total    .  100 


THE    SCORE    CARD    IN    STOCK    BREEDING.  53 

SOUTHDOWN. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Houthdotcn  Breeders'  Association. 

Points. 
HEAD. — Medium  in  size  and  hornless,  fine,  carried  well  up,  the  forehead 

or  face  well  covered  with  wool,  especially  between  the  ears  and  on  the 

cheeks,  and  in  the  ewe  slightly  dished 5 

LIPS  AND  UNDER  JAW. — Fine  and  thin 1 

EARS. — Rather  small,  tolerably  wide  apart,  covered  with  fine  hair,  and 

carried  with  a  lively  back  and  forth  movement 2 

EYES. — Full  and  bright__  3 

FACE. — A  uniform  tint  of  brown  or  gray  or  mouse  color_-  3 

NECK. — Short,  fine  at  the  head,  but  nicely  tailoring,  and  broad  and' straight 

on  top  at  the  shoulders. _  4 

SHOULDERS. — Broad  and  full,  smoothly  joining  the  neck  with  the  back--  f> 

BREAST. — Wide,  deep,  and  projecting  well  forward,  the  forelegs  standing 

wide  apart fi 

BACK  AND  LOIN. — Broad  and  straight  from  shoulders  to  rump__  7 

RIBS. — Well  arched,  extending  far  backward,  the  last  projecting  more 

than  the  others 0 

RUMP. — Broad,  square,  and  full,  with  tail  well  set  up 6 

HIPS. — Wide,  with  little  space  between  them  and  last  ribs 6 

THIGHS. — Full  and  well  let  down  in  twist,  the  legs  standing  well  apart 6 

LIMBS. — Short  and  fine  in  bone  and  in  color  to  agree  with  the  face  ..  3 

FORE  LEGS. — Well  wooled  and  carrying  mutton  to  the  knees,  but  free  from 

meat  below 2 

HIND  LEGS. — Well  filled  with  mutton  and  wooled  to  the  hocks,  neat  and 

clean  below 2 

BELLY. — Straight  and  covered  with  wool,  the  flank  extending  so  as  to  form 

a  line  parallel  with  the  back  of  top  line 5 

FLEECE. — Compact,  the  whole  body  well  covered  with  moderately  long  and 

close  wool,  white  in  color,  carrying  some  yolk 12 

FORM  THROUGHOUT. — Smooth  and  symmetrical,  with  no  coarseness  in  any 

part 9 

GENERAL  APPEARANCE. — Spirited  and  attractive,  with  a  determined  l<x>k,  a 

proud  and  firm  step,  indicating  constitutional  vigor  and  thorough  breed- 
ing    8 


Total 100 


54  BUREAU    OF    ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

SUFFOLK. 

Score  card  adopted  by  the  American  Suffolk  Flock  Register  Association. 

Points. 

GENERAL  APPEARANCE. — Pleasing  outline,  good  carriage,  and  symmetry  of 

development 7 

GENERAL  FORM. — Large  in  size;  inclined  to  long  in  body;  medium  strength 
of  bone;  somewhat  cylindrical  in  shape,  and  straight  above,  below, 
and  in  the  rear 15 

HEAD. — Medium  in  size,  inclining  to  be  long  and  covered  with  fine,  short, 
glossy  black  hair  to  the  junction  with  the  neck ;  a  small  quantity  of 
clean,  white  wool  on  the  forehead  is  not  objected  to ;  muzzle  moder- 
ately fine,  especially  in  the  ewes ;  eyes  bright  and  full ;  ears  of  me- 
dium length  and  fineness 10 

NECK. — Moderately  long  and  well  set  and  blending  well  with  the  body, 

with  some  crest  in  the  lambs 5 

FOREQUARTERS. — Well  developed;  breast  wide,  deep,  and  full;  brisket 
broad;  chest  capacious,  with  good  heart  girth;  shoulders  broad, 
oblique,  and  well  filled  in  the  neck  vein  and  crops ;  withers  broad ; 
arm  well  developed 15 

BARREL. — Roomy,  back  straight,  broad,  and  well  fleshed  throughout  its 
entire  length ;  ribs  well  sprung  and  moderately  deep ;  fore  and  hind 
flanks  full  and  deep 15 

HINDQUARTERS. — Long,  deep,  and  full;  tail  broad  and  well  set  up;  but- 
tock broad;  twist  full;  thigh  broad  and  full 15 

FEET  AND  LEGS. — Straight,  of  medium  length,  with  flat  bone ;   bare  of  wool 

below  the  knee  and  hock,  glossy  black  in  color,  and  set  well  apart 8 

FLEECE. — Moderately  short,  with  close,  fine,  lustrous  fiber  and  without 
tendency  to  mat  or  felt  together  or  to  shade  off  into  dark  or  gray  wool 
or  hair,  especially  about  the  neck  and  tail.  The  fleece  should  cover  the 
whole  body  except  the  head  and  the  legs  below  the  knee  and  the  hock,  and 
the  skin  underneath  it  should  be  fair,  soft,  and  of  a  pink  color 10 


Total  _.  100 


o 


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:ded  from  page  2  of 


In.  I,  ' 
Wash. 

In-.  .1.  s.   Kelly,  eare    I'.iomer  ,v    .Michael   Co., 

omncy,  111. 

D.  Kelt-hum,  South  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
1)1'.  A.   LollK,  care  Spcn. 

( 'oilti. 
Dr.  (.'.  Noveherry,  room  10'J,  Cu-lom  Huii-e 

I'ort  hind,  Ore},'. 

Dr.  H.  D.  Maync.  M;iloti<-,  N.  Y. 
Dr.  Louis  Metsker,  room  '2'2.  N.  T.  Ariuijo   Ituild- 

Albuquerque,  N.  Me.\. 
Dr.  .1.  Miller,  can-  John  Morrcll  A   Co.,  '  ittiimwii, 

Ion  11. 

Dr.  C-  I--  Morin,  St.  Albans,  Vt. 
Dr.    A.    I!.    Morse,    car.'    'Ih.-    A^nr    1'iu'kiiiK   Co., 

Dc«  MoiiK'S,  Iowa, 
llr.    \V.    .1.    Murphy,   care   Springfield     Provision 

< '"..  Brightwood,  Mass. 
Dr.  \V.  N.  Neil,  care  .lohn  Cudahy  Co.,  Wichita, 

Runs. 

llr.  V.  A.  Noriraard.  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
In.  K.  M.  I'erry,  Fort  Kairtielil,  M.'. 
Dr.    (i.    \V.    I'ojie,    Animal    (Quarantine    Station, 

Allienia,  N.  .1. 
Dr.  II.  'I'.  I'otter,  Calais.  Me. 

Dr.. I.  O.K.  Price,  care  Brittaiu  &  Co.,  Marshall- 
town,  Iowa. 


Dr.    A  n,   707    Kni| 

Knoxville,  'Id, n. 
J)r.   A 

Ana 

Dr.  W.  II.  Ko-e.  ]-,  n,,,., 
Dr.  F.  I..  Russell, ( 
Dr.  .1.  F.  Ryder.  I  i: 
Dr.  I-:.  P.  SchalVtei 

Cleveland.   Ohio. 

Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Dr.  Thov.  W  I  IL-    Rath    I'ltrki: 

Wllte]  loo,    loua. 

Dr.  T.  A.Shipley,  to 

Dr.  N.  c.  8oi 

apolis,  Ind. 
Mr.  Win.   II.  Wade,  Animal  (jnnrair 

Halt-thorp.  Md. 
Dr.  II.  N.  Waller,  lO'.i  \V.  st  For 

York.  N.  Y. 

Dr.  I',.  \V.  Ward.  Newport.  Vt. 
Dr.  M.  P.  Wenile.  I  .dini;, 

F.a-l  P.ulfalo,  N.  Y. 
Dr.  W.  II.  Wra>,  :;l  Sireatham  Mill,  Lolido.; 

England. 


